How to format your references using the Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Birge, N.O., 2009. Physics. Sensing a small but persistent current. Science 326, 244–245.

A journal article with 2 authors

Qu, S.-W., Nie, Z.-P., 2013. Plasmonic nanopatch array for optical integrated circuit applications. Sci. Rep. 3, 3172.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yamashiro, H., Isomura, N., Sakai, K., 2014. Bloom of the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii on the gorgonian coral Annella reticulata in Japan. Sci. Rep. 4, 6032.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chang, S., Johnston, R.J., Jr, Frøkjaer-Jensen, C., Lockery, S., Hobert, O., 2004. MicroRNAs act sequentially and asymmetrically to control chemosensory laterality in the nematode. Nature 430, 785–789.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lunn, G., 2005. HPLC Methods for Recently Approved Pharmaceuticals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Riekmann, S.P., Wessels, W. (Eds.), 2006. The Making of a European Constitution: Dynamics and Limits of the Convention Experience. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden.

A chapter in an edited book

Shah, V.P., Williams, R.L., 2014. Importance of In Vitro Drug Release, in: Shah, V.P., Maibach, H.I., Jenner, J. (Eds.), Topical Drug Bioavailability, Bioequivalence, and Penetration. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 61–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoology.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. Evidence Mounts For The Existence Of Planet Nine [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/evidence-mounts-for-the-existence-of-planet-nine/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2009. Emergency Communications: Vulnerabilities Remain and Limited Collaboration and Monitoring Hamper Federal Efforts (No. GAO-09-604). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wolodkowicz, R., 2008. Leadership qualities and employee-student future intentions (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lyman, R., 2017. Polish Parliament Acts to Upend Nation’s Courts. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Birge, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Birge, 2009; Qu and Nie, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Qu and Nie, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Chang et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoology
Abbreviation	Zoology (Jena)
ISSN (print)	0944-2006
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology