How to format your references using the The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ledford H (2008) Beyond the Triangle. Nature 452: 908–909.

A journal article with 2 authors

Swinnen J, Squicciarini P (2012) Global food supply. Mixed messages on prices and food security. Science 335: 405–406.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wu C-I, Shi S, Zhang Y-P (2004) A case for conservation. Nature 428: 213–214.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Pascal AA, Liu Z, Broess K, van Oort B, van Amerongen H, Wang C, Horton P, Robert B, Chang W, Ruban A (2005) Molecular basis of photoprotection and control of photosynthetic light-harvesting. Nature 436: 134–137.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhang KQT (2015) Wireless Communications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

O¿Donnell RW (2008) Intellectual Property in the Food Technology Industry: Protecting Your Innovation. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Michielsen K, De Raedt H, De Raedt K (2006) Deterministic Event-based Simulation of Universal Quantum Computation. In DP Landau, SP Lewis, H-B Schüttler (Eds), Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics XVIII: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Workshop Athens, GA, USA, March 7–11, 2005 (pp 32–36). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) Study Finds People Can Be Identified By The Bacteria They Breathe Out. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/study-finds-people-can-be-identified-their-microbial-cloud/ (last accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1977) Learning Disabilities: The Link to Delinquency Should Be Determined, but Schools Should Do More Now ( No. GGD-76-97). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ireland KS (2017) The Role Family Communication Patterns Play in Shaping People’s Responses and Perceived Outcomes to Boundary Turbulence via Privacy Breaches in Their Personal Relationships (Doctoral dissertation). Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2006) Court Puts Teeth in “Notice” Needed to Seize Property. New York Times A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ledford, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Ledford, 2008; Swinnen and Squicciarini, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Swinnen and Squicciarini, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Pascal et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
ISSN (print)	0022-3018
ISSN (online)	1539-736X
Scope

Research and Writing Guides