How to format your references using the Zoological Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoological Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bozell JJ (2010) Chemistry. Connecting biomass and petroleum processing with a chemical bridge. Science 329:522–523

A journal article with 2 authors

Arimoto T, Sato Y (2012) Science and society. Rebuilding public trust in science for policy-making. Science 337:1176–1177

A journal article with 3 authors

Aida T, Meijer EW, Stupp SI (2012) Functional supramolecular polymers. Science 335:813–817

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sato K, Pellegrino M, Nakagawa T, et al (2008) Insect olfactory receptors are heteromeric ligand-gated ion channels. Nature 452:1002–1006

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bonilla LL, Teitsworth SW (2010) Nonlinear Wave Methods for Charge Transport. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Czachórski T, Kozielski S, Stańczyk U (eds) (2011) Man-Machine Interactions 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Letfullin RR, George TF (2016) Introduction to Light–Particle Interactions. In: George TF (ed) Computational Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology: Lectures with Computer Practicums. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 183–239

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoological Studies.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) The Twilight Comet: Comet PanSTARRS. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/twilight-comet-comet-panstarrs/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) ADP Acquisitions: Patent Automation Encountering Major Planning and Procurement Problems. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zamudio R (2015) From community college to 4-year institutions: Latinas’ successful completion of STEM baccalaureate degrees. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B (2016) ‘Suicide Squad’ Soundtrack Is No. 1 Again. New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bozell 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Bozell 2010; Arimoto and Sato 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Arimoto and Sato 2012)
Three or more authors: (Sato et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoological Studies
Abbreviation	Zool. Stud.
ISSN (online)	1810-522X
Scope