How to format your references using the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Crim FF. Chemistry. Making energy count. Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1707–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Knapp S, Mallet J. Ecology. Refuting refugia? Science. 2003 Apr 4;300(5616):71–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aravanis AM, Pyle JL, Tsien RW. Single synaptic vesicles fusing transiently and successively without loss of identity. Nature. 2003 Jun 5;423(6940):643–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

O’Brien M, McEvoy N, Hallam T, Kim HY, Berner NC, Hanlon D, et al. Transition metal dichalcogenide growth via close proximity precursor supply. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec 9;4:7374.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Harris M. Inside the Crystal Ball. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Bjørn P. Sociomaterial-Design: Bounding Technologies in Practice. Østerlund C, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. X, 106 p. 21 illus., 16 illus. in color. (Computer Supported Cooperative Work).

A chapter in an edited book

Polizzotto K, Landman NH, Klug C. Cameral Membranes, Pseudosutures, and Other Soft Tissue Imprints in Ammonoid Shells. In: Klug C, Korn D, De Baets K, Kruta I, Mapes RH, editors. Ammonoid Paleobiology: From anatomy to ecology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015. p. 91–109. (Topics in Geobiology).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

Blog post

Hamilton K. ‘Don’t Feed The Trolls’ Really Is Good Advice – Here’s The Evidence [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/dont-feed-the-trolls-really-is-good-advice-heres-the-evidence/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. APHIS: Solid Wood Packing Material From China. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Oct. Report No.: OGC-99-2.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Molina-Gutierrez E. Keys to my home: A grant proposal project [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

George RP, Moschella M. Does Sex Ed Undermine Parental Rights? New York Times. 2011 Oct 19;A29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
ISSN (print)	0044-0086
ISSN (online)	1551-4056
Scope