How to format your references using the Yakuzai Ekigaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology) citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Yakuzai Ekigaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cuervo AM. Cell biology. Autophagy’s top chef. Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1392–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Butchart N, Scaife AA. Removal of chlorofluorocarbons by increased mass exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere in a changing climate. Nature. 2001 Apr 12;410(6830):799–802.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bonasio R, Tu S, Reinberg D. Molecular signals of epigenetic states. Science. 2010 Oct 29;330(6004):612–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Pighin JA, Zheng H, Balakshin LJ, Goodman IP, Western TL, Jetter R, et al. Plant cuticular lipid export requires an ABC transporter. Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):702–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liebhart R, Chandramouli D, Wong C, Merkel J. LTE for Public Safety. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Seidl C. Tax Progression in OECD Countries: An Integrative Analysis of Tax Schedules and Income Distributions. Pogorelskiy K, Traub S, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. XIV, 322 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Nowicki K, Malinowski A, Sikorski M. More Just Measure of Fairness for Sharing Network Resources. In: Gaj P, Kwiecień A, Stera P, editors. Computer Networks: 23rd International Conference, CN 2016, Brunów, Poland, June 14-17, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 52–8. (Communications in Computer and Information Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Yakuzai Ekigaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology).

Blog post

Andrew E. New Dwarf Planet Discovered [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-dwarf-planet-discovered/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. [Comments on GAO Legal Opinion on DOT Authority to Requisition Vessels of U.S. Citizens]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Aug. Report No.: B-229258.2.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Corral E. Latino undocumented students in Los Angeles: A grant proposal project [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Salvage Teams Begin to Raise Russian Sub. New York Times. 2001 Oct 8;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Yakuzai Ekigaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology)
ISSN (print)	1342-0445
ISSN (online)	1882-790X
Scope