How to format your references using the Yakuzai Ekigaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology) citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Yakuzai Ekigaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eckhardt B. Applied physics. A critical point for turbulence. Science. 2011 Jul 8;333(6039):165–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Martinez-Perez E, Moore G. Plant sciences. Promiscuous maize chromosomes. Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):49–50.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yoshida A, Yoneda-Kato N, Kato JY. CSN5 specifically interacts with CDK2 and controls senescence in a cytoplasmic cyclin E-mediated manner. Sci Rep. 2013 Jan 11;3:1054.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Vermot J, Gallego Llamas J, Fraulob V, Niederreither K, Chambon P, Dollé P. Retinoic acid controls the bilateral symmetry of somite formation in the mouse embryo. Science. 2005 Apr 22;308(5721):563–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chow SC, Liu JP. Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials: Concepts and Methodologies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005. (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics).

An edited book

Cao L, Bazzan ALC, Gorodetsky V, Mitkas PA, Weiss G, Yu PS, editors. Agents and Data Mining Interaction: 6th International Workshop on Agents and Data Mining Interaction, ADMI 2010, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. X, 192 p. 63 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 5980).

A chapter in an edited book

Wheelock CE, Phillips BM, Anderson BS, Miller JL, Miller MJ, Hammock BD. Applications of Carboxylesterase Activity in Environmental Monitoring and Toxicity Identification Evaluations (TIEs). In: Whitacre DM, editor. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. New York, NY: Springer; 2008. p. 117–78. (Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Yakuzai Ekigaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology).

Blog post

Andrew E. First “Super Moon” Of The Year Will Be Visible July 12. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Need for Additional Internal Audit Coverage in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Dec. Report No.: FGMSD-78-12.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gonzales M. Examining institutional career preparation: Student perceptions of their workplace readiness and the role of the university in student career development [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. You Can’t Pop Up Forever. New York Times. 2010 Jul 15;E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Yakuzai Ekigaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology)
ISSN (print)	1342-0445
ISSN (online)	1882-790X
Scope