How to format your references using the World Wide Web citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Wide Web. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott, A.: Europe’s X-ray observatory defies the jinx. Nature. 403, 693 (2000)

A journal article with 2 authors

Marquis, M., Tans, P.: Climate change. Carbon crucible. Science. 320, 460–461 (2008)

A journal article with 3 authors

Gertz, J., Siggia, E.D., Cohen, B.A.: Analysis of combinatorial cis-regulation in synthetic and genomic promoters. Nature. 457, 215–218 (2009)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dentin, R., Liu, Y., Koo, S.-H., Hedrick, S., Vargas, T., Heredia, J., Yates, J., 3rd, Montminy, M.: Insulin modulates gluconeogenesis by inhibition of the coactivator TORC2. Nature. 449, 366–369 (2007)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bower, J.A.: Statistical Methods for Food Science. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK (2013)

An edited book

Scheschkewitz, D. ed: Functional Molecular Silicon Compounds I: Regular Oxidation States. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Couclelis, H.: Misses, near-misses and surprises in forecasting the informational city. In: Miller, H.J. (ed.) Societies and Cities in the Age of Instant Access. pp. 71–83. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2007)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Wide Web.

Blog post

Fang, J.: 80-Million-Year-Old Lizard Links The Old World With The New

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: National Airspace System: Incomplete Transition Back to National Maintenance and Certification Standards in the Federal Aviation Administration’s Alaskan Region. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2001)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McKenzie, R.A.: A correlational study of servant leadership and teacher job satisfaction in a public education institution, (2012)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J.: Nielsen Tackles a Mystery: Netflix Ratings, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Wide Web
Abbreviation	World Wide Web
ISSN (print)	1386-145X
ISSN (online)	1573-1413
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Software