How to format your references using the World Journal of Stem Cells citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Stem Cells. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Staveteig SE. Scientists and societies. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria. Nature 2005; 433: 338.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chang G, Roth CB. Structure of MsbA from E. coli: a homolog of the multidrug resistance ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Science 2001; 293: 1793–1800.

A journal article with 3 authors

O’Riordan M, Moors MA, Portnoy DA. Listeria intracellular growth and virulence require host-derived lipoic acid. Science 2003; 302: 462–464.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Zhou WP, Li Q, Xiong YQ, Zhang QM, Wang DH, Cao QQ, Lv LY, Du YW. Electric field manipulation of magnetic and transport properties in SrRuO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 heterostructure. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 6991.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chappell D. The JCT Minor Works Building Contracts 2005. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

An edited book

Aura T, Järvinen K, Nyberg K (eds). Information Security Technology for Applications: 15th Nordic Conference on Secure IT Systems, NordSec 2010, Espoo, Finland, October 27-29, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer

A chapter in an edited book

Casas I, Ochoa SF, Puente J. Using Tablet PCs and Pen-Based Technologies to Support Engineering Education. In: Jacko JA, editor. Human-Computer Interaction. Interacting in Various Application Domains: 13th International Conference, HCI International 2009, San Diego, CA, USA, July 19-24, 2009, Proceedings, Part IV. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009: 31–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Stem Cells.

Blog post

Hale T. Photographs Of Cities From Space Have Shown A Worrying Trend. IFLScience. 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Marine Transportation: Federal Financing and a Framework for Infrastructure Investments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gunathilaka D. Compliance with dietary restrictions among African American older adults with chronic kidney disease in a nursing home setting. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E. Almost Tudor Interior, but Ignoble Facade. New York Times. 1998; : 149.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Stem Cells
ISSN (online)	1948-0210
Scope