How to format your references using the EcoSal Plus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for EcoSal Plus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Renner SS. 2011. Evolution. Living fossil younger than thought. Science 334:766–767.

A journal article with 2 authors

Miles L, Kapos V. 2008. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation: global land-use implications. Science 320:1454–1455.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bortnik J, Thorne RM, Meredith NP. 2008. The unexpected origin of plasmaspheric hiss from discrete chorus emissions. Nature 452:62–66.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mäkinen JT, Bertaux JL, Combi MR, Quémerais E. 2001. Water production of comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) observed with the SWAN instrument. Science 292:1326–1329.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

English JF. 2012. The Global Future of English Studies. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

2010. Signal Processing and Multimedia: International Conferences, SIP and MulGraB 2010, Held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2010, Jeju Island, Korea, December 13-15, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Greenwood D, Sommerville I. 2013. Expectations and Reality: Why an Enterprise Software System Did Not Work as Planned, p. 51–62. In Pooley, R, Coady, J, Schneider, C, Linger, H, Barry, C, Lang, M (eds.), Information Systems Development: Reflections, Challenges and New Directions. Springer, New York, NY.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for EcoSal Plus.

Blog post

Hamilton K. 2016. What Happens When You Mix Coca-Cola With Liquid Nitrogen? IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/what-happens-when-you-mix-cocacola-with-liquid-nitrogen/. Retrieved 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1971. Influence Of Public Affairs Organizations On Information And Advertising Programs. B-161939. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Li L. 2012. Internal conflicts through external design: Costuming the contradictions in “The Love Song of J. Robert Oppenheimer.” Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. 2017. A Drug Dealer’s Heart Turns Hard. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	EcoSal Plus
Abbreviation	EcoSal Plus
ISSN (online)	2324-6200
Scope

Research and Writing Guides