How to format your references using the Defence Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Defence Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ikeda SR. Signal transduction. Calcium channels--link locally, act globally. Science 2001;294:318–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bier E, De Robertis EM. EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT. BMP gradients: A paradigm for morphogen-mediated developmental patterning. Science 2015;348:aaa5838.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Schefuss E, Schouten S, Schneider RR. Climatic controls on central African hydrology during the past 20,000 years. Nature 2005;437:1003–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Mason MF, Norton MI, Van Horn JD, Wegner DM, Grafton ST, Macrae CN. Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought. Science 2007;315:393–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Chappell D. Parris’s Standard Form of Building Contract. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Kumar U, Ahmadi A, Verma AK, Varde P, editors. Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety: An Industry Perspective. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Paolone AR. Citizenship, Values and Social Orders. The Assessment System of Census and Ritual Education in Ancient Rome. In: Vega L, editor. Empires, Post-Coloniality and Interculturality: New Challenges for Comparative Education, Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2014, p. 75–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Defence Technology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. 9 Science-Backed Studying Tips. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. NASA 5-Year Planning. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Shaker M. Design of Front End Circuits for a Low Power Ultra Wide Band Receiver. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Ketcham IW. Feel of Child’s Hand Found Way to Restored Confidence. New York Times 1942:REVIEW OF THE WEEK EDITORIALSE7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Defence Technology
ISSN (print)	2214-9147
Scope

Research and Writing Guides