How to format your references using the World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Perrin S. Preclinical research: Make mouse studies work. Nature. 2014;507(7493):423-425.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shizgal P, Arvanitogiannis A. Neuroscience. Gambling on dopamine. Science. 2003;299(5614):1856-1858.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson ZL, Cheong CG, Lee SY. Crystal structure of a concentrative nucleoside transporter from Vibrio cholerae at 2.4 Å. Nature. 2012;483(7390):489-493.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rowland HD, King WP, Pethica JB, Cross GLW. Molecular confinement accelerates deformation of entangled polymers during squeeze flow. Science. 2008;322(5902):720-724.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Aubry JF, Brinzei N, Mazouni MH. Systems Dependability Assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Bagley RG, ed. The Tumor Microenvironment. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Badrinath Krishna V, Weaver GA, Sanders WH. PCA-Based Method for Detecting Integrity Attacks on Advanced Metering Infrastructure. In: Campos J, Haverkort BR, eds. Quantitative Evaluation of Systems: 12th International Conference, QEST 2015, Madrid, Spain, September 1-3, 2015, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing; 2015:70-85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Poaching Increases African Elephants Born Without Tusks. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: Issues Related to Providing Dedicated Funding for the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hao S. An Introduction to Discrete Minimal Surfaces via the Enneper Surface. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff J, Rosenberg M. China’s Intelligent Weaponry Gets Smarter. New York Times. February 3, 2017:BU1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
ISSN (print)	2095-8811
Scope