How to format your references using the World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Warrington B. Physics. Two atomic clocks ticking as one. Science. 2012;336(6080):421-422.

A journal article with 2 authors

Harper GR Jr, Pfennig DW. Selection overrides gene flow to break down maladaptive mimicry. Nature. 2008;451(7182):1103-1106.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fay JC, Wyckoff GJ, Wu CI. Testing the neutral theory of molecular evolution with genomic data from Drosophila. Nature. 2002;415(6875):1024-1026.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Cordier P, Tournilhac F, Soulié-Ziakovic C, Leibler L. Self-healing and thermoreversible rubber from supramolecular assembly. Nature. 2008;451(7181):977-980.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jones NF. The JCT Major Project Form. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Colmenares JC, Xu YJ, eds. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: From Fundamentals to Green Applications. 1st ed. 2016. Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

D’Auria R, Trigiante M. Maxwell Equations and Special Relativity. In: Trigiante M, ed. From Special Relativity to Feynman Diagrams: A Course in Theoretical Particle Physics for Beginners. UNITEXT for Physics. Springer International Publishing; 2016:143-170.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Blog post

Taub B. Trauma Of War Alters The Genes Of Child Soldiers To Make Them More Vulnerable To Disease. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. An Empty Pump Down the Road? U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lemheney AJ. Design and Development of Virtual Reality Simulation for Teaching High-Risk Low-Volume Problem-Prone Office-Based Medical Emergencies. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. The Mets Find Progress, And Hope for Montero, In a Sweep of the Giants. New York Times. June 26, 2017:D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
ISSN (print)	2095-8811
Scope