How to format your references using the World Journal of Hepatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Hepatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schrope M. Climatology. Trouble in the greenhouse. Nature 2000; 407: 10–12.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rhoten D, Parker A. Education. Risks and rewards of an interdisciplinary research path. Science 2004; 306: 2046.

A journal article with 3 authors

Knigge C, Leigh N, Sills A. A binary origin for ‘blue stragglers’ in globular clusters. Nature 2009; 457: 288–290.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Holden LG, Prochnow C, Chang YP, Bransteitter R, Chelico L, Sen U, Stevens RC, Goodman MF, Chen XS. Crystal structure of the anti-viral APOBEC3G catalytic domain and functional implications. Nature 2008; 456: 121–124.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Estampe D. Supply Chain Performance and Evaluation Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Milkov N, Peckhaus V (eds). The Berlin Group and the Philosophy of Logical Empiricism. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands

A chapter in an edited book

Yoon W, Huang X, Solasi R. Experimental Validation of A Constitutive Model for Ionomer Membrane in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). In: Proulx T, editor. Experimental Mechanics on Emerging Energy Systems and Materials, Volume 5: Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. New York, NY: Springer, 2011: 33–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Hepatology.

Blog post

Fang J. Ancient Beaked Whale Hunted In Shallow Waters. IFLScience. 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Community Placement of the Mentally Disabled in Michigan]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Whitehead CF. Teacher perceptions of the effects of parentification on social interactions in the school setting. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Widdicombe B. Glamour? There’s an App for That. New York Times. 2017; : ST4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Hepatology
ISSN (online)	1948-5182
Scope