How to format your references using the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Check E. Pathogen-tracking questioned. Nature 2002; 420: 451.

A journal article with 2 authors

Litchinitser NM, Sun J. APPLIED OPTICS. Optical meta-atoms: Going nonlinear. Science 2015; 350: 1033–1034.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee SH, Oe T, Blair IA. Vitamin C-induced decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides to endogenous genotoxins. Science 2001; 292: 2083–2086.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Struchtemeyer CG, Ranganathan A, Couger MB, Liggenstoffer AS, Youssef NH, Elshahed MS. Survival of the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain C1A after prolonged air exposure. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 6892.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

da Silva LS, Simões R, Gervásio H. Design of Steel Structures. Berlin, Germany: Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG

An edited book

Han KJ, Choi B-Y, Song S (eds). High Performance Cloud Auditing and Applications. New York, NY: Springer

A chapter in an edited book

Li Q, Wu Q, Gao F. A Cognitive Model for Understanding Chinese Character. In: Guo Y, Friston K, Aldo F, Hill S, Peng H, editors. Brain Informatics and Health: 8th International Conference, BIH 2015, London, UK, August 30 - September 2, 2015. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015: 43–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.

Blog post

Carpineti A. China Unveils The Fastest Supercomputer In The World. IFLScience. 2016. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/china-unveils-the-fastest-supercomputer-in-the-world/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Major Science and Technology Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dorin J. Attachment style and perceived stress in college students. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel B. Top Safety From L.S.U. With Reputation for Intensity Drops Into Jets’ Lap at No. 6. New York Times. 2017; : B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
ISSN (online)	1948-5204
Scope