How to format your references using the World Journal of Emergency Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Emergency Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Eisenberg L. Seymour S. Kety (1915-2000). Nature. 2000;406:472.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Stumpf MPH, Porter MA. Mathematics. Critical truths about power laws. Science. 2012;335:665–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Law RM, Matear RJ, Francey RJ. Comment on “Saturation of the southern ocean CO2 sink due to recent climate change.” Science. 2008;319:570; author reply 570.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Dean S, Marchetti R, Kirk K, Matthews KR. A surface transporter family conveys the trypanosome differentiation signal. Nature. 2009;459:213–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bielecki TR, Brigo D, Patras F. Credit Risk Frontiers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Ditzel M. Power-Aware Architecting for data-dominated applications. Otten RHJM, Serdijn WA, editors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Finn A, Scheding S. Force-Integration of UVS. In: Scheding S, editor. Developments and Challenges for Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles: A Compendium. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 105–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Emergency Surgery.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Rare, Hairy Nautilus Spotted For The First Time in 30 Years [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/rare-hairy-nautilus-spotted-first-time-30-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Legislative Developments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985 Jan. Report No.: 126478.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hutter-Thomas S. Sociocultural Evolution: An Examination of Unorthodox Elective Body Modification [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Ortved J. Trading a T Square for Showbiz. New York Times. 2016 Aug 4;D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Emergency Surgery
Abbreviation	World J. Emerg. Surg.
ISSN (online)	1749-7922
Scope	Emergency Medicine Surgery