How to format your references using the World Journal of Clinical Cases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Clinical Cases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cohen MR. Eppendorf winner. When attention wanders. Science 2012; 338: 58–59.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gillespie PG, Walker RG. Molecular basis of mechanosensory transduction. Nature 2001; 413: 194–202.

A journal article with 3 authors

DeCoursey TE, Morgan D, Cherny VV. The voltage dependence of NADPH oxidase reveals why phagocytes need proton channels. Nature 2003; 422: 531–534.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Wang D, Tian H, Yang Y, Xie D, Ren T-L, Zhang Y. Scalable and direct growth of graphene micro ribbons on dielectric substrates. Sci Rep 2013; 3: 1348.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gwynne P. World Religions in Practice. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

An edited book

McCarty LB. Applied Soil Physical Properties, Drainage, and Irrigation Strategies. Cham: Springer International Publishing

A chapter in an edited book

Braibant S, Giacomelli G, Spurio M. Primo sguardo alle altre interazioni fondamentali. In: Giacomelli G, Spurio M, editors. Particelle e interazioni fondamentali: Il mondo delle particelle. Milano: Springer, 2012: 107–118.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Clinical Cases.

Blog post

Fang J. Doctors Announce World’s First Successful Penis Transplant. IFLScience. 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Examination of NASA Contract With Boeing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mosing PR. Maternal perceptions of their infants: Do perceptions predict maternal motivation to nurture? 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Patterson MJO. A Quiet Outpost Beyond the Tunnel. New York Times. 2015; : RE11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Clinical Cases
ISSN (online)	2307-8960
Scope