How to format your references using the Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. To plan...or not to plan? Nature. 2005;435:381.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Osteryoung KW, Nunnari J. The division of endosymbiotic organelles. Science. 2003;302:1698–704.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Brose U, Williams RJ, Martinez ND. Comment on “Foraging adaptation and the relationship between food-web complexity and stability.” Science. 2003;301:918; author reply 918.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kim Y, Chortos A, Xu W, Liu Y, Oh JY, Son D, et al. A bioinspired flexible organic artificial afferent nerve. Science. 2018;360:998–1003.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Negre E. Information and Recommender Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

1. Scaglione M. La TCMD nel trauma ad elevata energia. Andreoli C, editor. Milano: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Anchimbe EA. Global Identities or Local Stigma Markers: How Equal Is the ‘E’ in Englishes in Cameroon? In: Mahboob A, Barratt L, editors. Englishes in Multilingual Contexts: Language Variation and Education. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 47–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Antidepressant Trial’s Upended Results Show Need For Sharing All Data [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/antidepressant-trial-s-upended-results-show-need-sharing-all-data/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. 21st Century Challenges: Reexamining the Base of the Federal Government. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Feb. Report No.: GAO-05-325SP.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Vu MK. Reducing mental health provider burnout through wellness: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Chen DW, Walsh MW. City’s System for Pensions Shows Strain. New York Times. 2014 Aug 4;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (online)	1757-7241
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine