How to format your references using the Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Rogers R. A chemist believes that an ionic liquid is the place for a noxious gas. Nature. 2008;454:555.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Toader O, John S. Proposed square spiral microfabrication architecture for large three-dimensional photonic band gap crystals. Science. 2001;292:1133–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Dian BC, Clarkson JR, Zwier TS. Direct measurement of energy thresholds to conformational isomerization in tryptamine. Science. 2004;303:1169–73.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Schell AW, Kaschke J, Fischer J, Henze R, Wolters J, Wegener M, et al. Three-dimensional quantum photonic elements based on single nitrogen vacancy-centres in laser-written microstructures. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1577.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ehrlich E, Fanelli D. The Financial Services Marketing Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Bělohlávek R. Fuzzy Equational Logic. Vychodil V, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Jon C. Polysomnography in Children. In: Pereira KD, Mitchell RB, editors. Pediatric Otolaryngology for the Clinician. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2009. p. 35–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

1. Fang J. How Do Human Leaders Compare To Animal Ones? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-do-human-leaders-compare-animal-ones/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Policy, Plans, and Organization for Science and Technology. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974 Jul. Report No.: 094579.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hernandez A. Impact of the Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006 on monthly caseworker visits to children in Los Angeles County on California’s foster care system [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Krieger S. Thumbing, Old and New. New York Times. 2016 Feb 14;A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (online)	1757-7241
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine

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