How to format your references using the World Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bertone, G. (2010). The moment of truth for WIMP dark matter. Nature, 468(7322), 389–393.

A journal article with 2 authors

Weis, V. M., & Allemand, D. (2009). Physiology. What determines coral health? Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5931), 1153–1155.

A journal article with 3 authors

Esteban, J., Mayoral, L., & Ray, D. (2012). Ethnicity and conflict: theory and facts. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6083), 858–865.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Freeman, R., Han, M., Álvarez, Z., Lewis, J. A., Wester, J. R., Stephanopoulos, N., McClendon, M. T., Lynsky, C., Godbe, J. M., Sangji, H., Luijten, E., & Stupp, S. I. (2018). Reversible self-assembly of superstructured networks. Science (New York, N.Y.), 362(6416), 808–813.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paret, D., & Huon, J.-P. (2017). Secure Connected Objects. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bowler, S., Blais, A., & Grofman, B. (Eds.). (2009). Duverger’s Law of Plurality Voting: The Logic of Party Competition in Canada, India, the United Kingdom and the United States (Vol. 13). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bailey, A., & O’Brien, D. (2014). Epistemological Scepticism and Religious Belief. In D. O’Brien (Ed.), Hume’s Critique of Religion: “Sick Men’s Dreams” (pp. 79–94). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Development.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 10). #ILookLikeAnEngineer Shines A Welcome Light On Industry’s Diversity. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1983). Implications of Joint NASA/DOD Participation in Space Shuttle Operations (NSIAD-84-13). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Luce, G. R. (2015). British viola repertoire of the first half of the twentieth century [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2007, March 18). Free-Speech Case Divides Bush and Religious Right. New York Times, A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bertone, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Bertone, 2010; Weis & Allemand, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Weis & Allemand, 2009)
Three authors: (Esteban et al., 2012)
6 or more authors: (Freeman et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	World Development
Abbreviation	World Dev.
ISSN (print)	0305-750X
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Development Geography, Planning and Development Sociology and Political Science

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