How to format your references using the WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rosenberg AA (2007) Fishing for certainty. Nature 449:989

A journal article with 2 authors

Sabatini BL, Svoboda K (2000) Analysis of calcium channels in single spines using optical fluctuation analysis. Nature 408:589–593

A journal article with 3 authors

Dotera T, Oshiro T, Ziherl P (2014) Mosaic two-lengthscale quasicrystals. Nature 506:208–211

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Charnoz S, Porco CC, Déau E, et al (2005) Cassini discovers a kinematic spiral ring around Saturn. Science 310:1300–1304

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kupka HJ (2010) Transitions in Molecular Systems. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Klusch M, Rovatsos M, Payne TR (eds) (2006) Cooperative Information Agents X: 10th International Workshop, CIA 2006 Edinburgh, UK, September 11-13, 2006 Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Barbosa L, Portilho F, Wilkinson J, Dubeux V (2013) Youth, Consumption and Citizenship. In: Schrader U, Fricke V, Doyle D, Thoresen VW (eds) Enabling Responsible Living. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 47–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) Gene Therapy Provides Significant Antiviral Results Against HIV. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration: Additional Actions Needed to Strengthen Grants Management. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bentley KJ (2016) Modern Public Market to Revitalize a Small Community. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grynbaum MM, Koblin J (2017) Liberals Tune In to TV Again, in Search of Communal Solace. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rosenberg 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Sabatini and Svoboda 2000; Rosenberg 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sabatini and Svoboda 2000)
Three or more authors: (Charnoz et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK
ISSN (print)	0937-6429
ISSN (online)	1861-8936
Scope