How to format your references using the WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ory J (2004) Scientists and societies. Two-body problem. Nature 429:788

A journal article with 2 authors

Pyenson ND, Pyenson L (2005) Treating medieval manuscripts as fossils. Science 309:698–701; author reply 698-701

A journal article with 3 authors

Myung K, Chen C, Kolodner RD (2001) Multiple pathways cooperate in the suppression of genome instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 411:1073–1076

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Denisov D, Dang MT, Struth B, et al (2013) Resolving structural modifications of colloidal glasses by combining x-ray scattering and rheology. Sci Rep 3:1631

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety (2015) Guidelines for Defining Process Safety Competency Requirements. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Hofmann-Wellenhof B (2005) Physical Geodesy. Springer, Vienna

A chapter in an edited book

Was GS, Allen TR (2007) RADIATION DAMAGE FROM DIFFERENT PARTICLE TYPES. In: Sickafus KE, Kotomin EA, Uberuaga BP (eds) Radiation Effects in Solids. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 65–98

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK.

Blog post

Luntz S (2016) Material Folds Into A Straw When Exposed To Water. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Title I: Although Definitions of Administrative Expenditures Vary, Almost All Districts Studied Spent Less Than 10 Percent on Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tu K-H (2017) Structural and Functional Analysis of Apolipoprotein E3/E4 Hybrid. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S, Alcindor Y (2017) Defiant Yet Jubilant Voices Flood U.S. Cities. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ory 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Ory 2004; Pyenson and Pyenson 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pyenson and Pyenson 2005)
Three or more authors: (Denisov et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK
ISSN (print)	0937-6429
ISSN (online)	1861-8936
Scope