How to format your references using the Headache citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Headache. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Begelman MC. Evidence for black holes. Science. 2003 Jun 20;300(5627):1898–903.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gallotti R, Barthelemy M. Anatomy and efficiency of urban multimodal mobility. Sci Rep. 2014 Nov 5;4:6911.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lind G, Linsmeier CE, Schouenborg J. The density difference between tissue and neural probes is a key factor for glial scarring. Sci Rep. 2013 Oct 15;3:2942.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Abe R, Jeong HJ, Arakawa D, Dong J, Ohashi H, Kaigome R, et al. Ultra Q-bodies: quench-based antibody probes that utilize dye-dye interactions with enhanced antigen-dependent fluorescence. Sci Rep. 2014 Apr 11;4:4640.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Natsuno T. i-Mode Strategy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Donati-Martin C, Lejay A, Rouault A, editors. Séminaire de Probabilités XLVI. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. VIII, 512 p. (Lecture Notes in Mathematics; vol. 2123).

A chapter in an edited book

Wyn J. Youth Policy and the Problematic Nexus Between Education and Employment. In: Riele K te, Gorur R, editors. Interrogating Conceptions of “Vulnerable Youth” in Theory, Policy and Practice. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2015. p. 49–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Headache.

Blog post

Hamilton K. More Than 32 Million Twitter Passwords May Have Been Hacked And Offered For Sale On The Dark Web [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/more-than-32-million-twitter-passwords-may-have-been-hacked-and-offered-for-sale-on-the-dark-web/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Evaluation and the Research Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979 Oct. Report No.: 110668.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bottorff AK. Evaluating summer school programs and the effect on student achievement: The correlation between Stanford-10 standardized test scores and two different summer programs [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. Revisiting the Classics Of an Earlier Generation. New York Times. 2013 Oct 3;E7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Headache
Abbreviation	Headache
ISSN (print)	0017-8748
ISSN (online)	1526-4610
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology

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