How to format your references using the Headache citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Headache. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abbott A. Axeing of website article sparks row at Max Planck. Nature. 2003 Apr 3;422(6931):460.

A journal article with 2 authors

Felsenfeld G, Groudine M. Controlling the double helix. Nature. 2003 Jan 23;421(6921):448–53.

A journal article with 3 authors

Werlen G, Hausmann B, Palmer E. A motif in the alphabeta T-cell receptor controls positive selection by modulating ERK activity. Nature. 2000 Jul 27;406(6794):422–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ju BG, Jeong S, Bae E, Hyun S, Carroll SB, Yim J, et al. Fringe forms a complex with Notch. Nature. 2000 May 11;405(6783):191–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Roy D, Rao GV. Elements of Structural Dynamics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Mastrolia P. Yamabe-type Equations on Complete, Noncompact Manifolds. Rigoli M, Setti AG, editors. Basel: Springer; 2012. VIII, 260 p. (Progress in Mathematics; vol. 302).

A chapter in an edited book

Herrera F, Ventura S, Bello R, Cornelis C, Zafra A, Sánchez-Tarragó D, et al. Instance-Based Classification Methods. In: Ventura S, Bello R, Cornelis C, Zafra A, Sánchez-Tarragó D, Vluymans S, editors. Multiple Instance Learning: Foundations and Algorithms. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 67–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Headache.

Blog post

Luntz S. Open Source Science Explores Malaria Drugs [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/open-source-science-explores-malaria-drugs/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Improvement of Certain Management Areas. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Jun. Report No.: 091301.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Collinsworth BM. Hospital to housing: A grant proposal for specialized discharge planning services for people who are homeless [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. Oliver Extends HBO Contract. New York Times. 2017 Sep 12;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Headache
Abbreviation	Headache
ISSN (print)	0017-8748
ISSN (online)	1526-4610
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology