How to format your references using the Welding in the World citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Welding in the World. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dalton R (2000) Anger as Princeton closes “inspirational” museum. Nature 407:825

A journal article with 2 authors

Rilling JK, Young LJ (2014) The biology of mammalian parenting and its effect on offspring social development. Science 345:771–776

A journal article with 3 authors

Jouvenet N, Bieniasz PD, Simon SM (2008) Imaging the biogenesis of individual HIV-1 virions in live cells. Nature 454:236–240

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mal P, Breiner B, Rissanen K, Nitschke JR (2009) White phosphorus is air-stable within a self-assembled tetrahedral capsule. Science 324:1697–1699

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ziska LH, Dukes JS (2010) Weed Biology and Climate Change. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Sasaki K, Suzuki O, Takahashi N (2015) Interface Oral Health Science 2014: Innovative Research on Biosis-Abiosis Intelligent Interface. Springer Japan, Tokyo

A chapter in an edited book

Sverdlov V, Selberherr S (2015) Spin-Based CMOS-Compatible Devices. In: Lirkov I, Margenov SD, Waśniewski J (eds) Large-Scale Scientific Computing: 10th International Conference, LSSC 2015, Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 8-12, 2015. Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 42–49

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Welding in the World.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) How Nuclear Power-Generating Reactors Have Evolved Since Their Birth In The 1950s. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/how-nuclear-power-generating-reactors-have-evolved-their-birth-1950s/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2016) Intellectual Property: Patent Office Should Define Quality, Reassess Incentives, and Improve Clarity. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Adams AW (2013) Shepherd leadership of Church of God pastors and how this relates to ministerial effectiveness. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2001) Cafe Borgia, Like Its Beat Heyday And Lucrezia Herself, Is History. New York Times 145

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Welding in the World
Abbreviation	Weld. World
ISSN (print)	0043-2288
ISSN (online)	1878-6669
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Metals and Alloys

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