How to format your references using the Welding in the World citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Welding in the World. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nogrady B (2014) Immunotherapy: Chemical tricks. Nature 513:S10-1

A journal article with 2 authors

Hoshi E, Tanji J (2000) Integration of target and body-part information in the premotor cortex when planning action. Nature 408:466–470

A journal article with 3 authors

Gilestro GF, Tononi G, Cirelli C (2009) Widespread changes in synaptic markers as a function of sleep and wakefulness in Drosophila. Science 324:109–112

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Shook BA, Wasko RR, Rivera-Gonzalez GC, et al (2018) Myofibroblast proliferation and heterogeneity are supported by macrophages during skin repair. Science 362:

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bittner M (2014) Temporality: Universals and Variation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Kim WH, Cheon JH (2015) Atlas of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

De Schryver E, Calus L, Derycke L, et al (2013) Local Nasal Inflammation: T Cells and B Cells. In: Önerci TM (ed) Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 47–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Welding in the World.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) First Collision In Most Powerful Particle Collider Ever. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/first-collision-most-powerful-particle-collider-ever/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Intellectual Property: Federal Agency Efforts in Transferring and Reporting New Technology. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Powers DL (2010) Teachers’ perceptions of the effects of No Child Left Behind on classroom instruction: A cross case analysis applying Dewey’s theory of instructional methods. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B (2017) Harry Styles Tops Billboard Chart. New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Welding in the World
Abbreviation	Weld. World
ISSN (print)	0043-2288
ISSN (online)	1878-6669
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Metals and Alloys

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