How to format your references using the Welding in the World citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Welding in the World. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rodnina MV (2013) Biochemistry. Translocation in action. Science 340:1534–1535

A journal article with 2 authors

D’Anna G, Gremaud G (2001) The jamming route to the glass state in weakly perturbed granular media. Nature 413:407–409

A journal article with 3 authors

Schweinfest R, Paxton AT, Finnis MW (2004) Bismuth embrittlement of copper is an atomic size effect. Nature 432:1008–1011

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Harada Y, Takagaki Y, Sunagawa M, et al (2008) Mechanism of self-sterility in a hermaphroditic chordate. Science 320:548–550

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kaul S, Ali F, Janakiram S, Wattenström B (2008) Business Models for Sustainable Telecoms Growth in Developing Economies. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Bilimoria P, Hemmingsen M (2016) Comparative Philosophy and J.L. Shaw, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Nica DV, Bordean D-M, Borozan AB, et al (2013) Use of Land Snails (Pulmonata) for Monitoring Copper Pollution in Terrestrial Ecosystems. In: Whitacre DM (ed) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Springer, New York, NY, pp 95–137

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Welding in the World.

Blog post

Hale T (2015) If We Don’t Cut Our Carbon Emissions, This Is What The World Will Look Like By 2100. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2014) Aviation Workforce: Current and Future Availability of Aviation Engineering and Maintenance Professionals. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Raynor SL (2017) A Critical Quantitative Examination of the Relationship between Constructs of Engagement and Latino College Completion. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (2000) Oleg Yefremov, 72, Moscow Theater Director. New York Times A11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Welding in the World
Abbreviation	Weld. World
ISSN (print)	0043-2288
ISSN (online)	1878-6669
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Metals and Alloys