How to format your references using the Welding in the World citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Welding in the World. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vanmaekelbergh D (2015) Materials science: Superlattice substitution. Nature 524:418–419

A journal article with 2 authors

Flames N, Hobert O (2009) Gene regulatory logic of dopamine neuron differentiation. Nature 458:885–889

A journal article with 3 authors

Birbeck GL, Meyer A-C, Ogunniyi A (2015) Nervous system disorders across the life course in resource-limited settings. Nature 527:S167-71

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bochtler M, Hartmann C, Song HK, et al (2000) The structures of HsIU and the ATP-dependent protease HsIU-HsIV. Nature 403:800–805

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ferrari ML, Damo UM, Turan A, Sánchez D (2017) Hybrid Systems Based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Walker LEA (2016) Best Practices for the Mentally Ill in the Criminal Justice System, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Castellsagué X, Bruni L, Alemany L, et al (2012) The Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer. In: Borruto F, De Ridder M (eds) HPV and Cervical Cancer: Achievements in Prevention and Future Prospects. Springer, New York, NY, pp 63–83

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Welding in the World.

Blog post

Andrew E (2013) What Did Mars Look Like When It Had Water? In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1995) Resources, Community, and Economic Development Information Systems Issue Area: Active Assignments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parker DD (2017) Uncovering Three Trumpet Works of Sofia Gubaidulina. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J (2017) Deadly, Stylish Comfort. New York Times C4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Welding in the World
Abbreviation	Weld. World
ISSN (print)	0043-2288
ISSN (online)	1878-6669
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Metals and Alloys