How to format your references using the Weed Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Weed Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
Firestein GS (2003) Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature 423:356–361
A journal article with 2 authors
Cosson S, Lutolf MP (2014) Hydrogel microfluidics for the patterning of pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 4:4462
A journal article with 3 authors
Barsic A, Grover G, Piestun R (2014) Three-dimensional super-resolution and localization of dense clusters of single molecules. Sci Rep 4:5388
A journal article with 4 or more authors
Song W, Wei Q, Liu W, Liu T, Yi J, Sheibani N, Fawzi AA, Linsenmeier RA, Jiao S, Zhang HF (2014) A combined method to quantify the retinal metabolic rate of oxygen using photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 4:6525

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
Niemi V, Nyberg K (2006) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Security. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
An edited book
Wang Y, ed. (2012) Education and Educational Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. XX, 860 p. 91 illus p
A chapter in an edited book
Bourgain J, Voiculescu D-V (2016) The Essential Centre of the mod a Diagonalization Ideal Commutant of an n-tuple of Commuting Hermitian Operators. Pages 77–80 in D Alpay, F Cipriani, F Colombo, D Guido, I Sabadini, J-L Sauvageot, eds. Noncommutative Analysis, Operator Theory and Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Weed Science.

Blog post
Hamilton K (2014) 12 Unimpressed Comments From Peer Reviewers. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/my-peer-reviewer-said-what/. Accessed October 30, 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
Government Accountability Office (1998) Federal Research: Observations on the Small Business Innovation Research Program. T-RCED-98-218. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
Woodland RJ (2010) Investigating the role of the mid-Atlantic inner continental shelf as a marine finfish nursery: A comparative approach. Doctoral dissertation. College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
Poems SVS, PROSE OF PAUL CELAN. Translated by John Felstiner. (Norton, $17.95.) This collection of work by one of the greatest European poets of the postwar period is translated by the author of the 1995 biography ’ ’Paul Celan: Poet, Survivor, ’ ’respectful J’’ F, nuanced renderings’’ include ’ ’poems from all periods of Celan’s life as well as his sparse but illuminating prose pieces, ’ ’ Mark M. Anderson wrote here last year. The book “‘should prove invaluable . . . for all readers interested in the full range of Celan’s writing.’” STORK CLUB: America’s Most Famous Nightspot, the Lost World of Café Society, by Ralph Blumenthal, Brown, $14.95.) A reporter for The New York Times tells of the rise, fall of the golden-roped nightclub that epitomized New York glamour during World War II. In its heyday, it Was The Ultimate, Celebrities W, Gossip Columnists Rubbed Elbows, Evocative B ’ ’this, well-researched book . . . is an important addition to our social history, ’ ’ Pete Hamill wrote in these pages in 2000. DREAMCATCHER, by Stephen King, $7.99.) It sounds tame enough: four middle-aged buddies on their annual hunting trip in a remote cabin in Maine. But it turns out they’re telepathic, worse, a disoriented hunter turns up on their doorstep with a weasel-like alien inhabiting his body. Needless to say, it isn’t E. T. The result is ’ ’a frenzied, multilayered, ever-accelerating nightmare’’ of a novel ’ ’that has to be read in enormous gulps, ’ ’ Colin Harrison said here earlier this year. KING DAVID: A Biography, McKenzie. (Oxford by S, $15.95.) Nothing is known of David outside the Hebrew Bible, but in a spirited cross-examination of the texts a scholar tells the story of a ’ ’charismatic talent fighting, loving, even singing his way to power through a tangle of divided loyalties, ’ ’ Jack Miles said in these pages last year. “‘McKenzie is little short of brilliant.’” In Papal Sin: Structures of Deceit, (Image/Doubleday by GW, $14.95), an eminent historian fires off a broadside against the modern papacy, depicting an arrogant Roman Catholic hierarchy riddled with dishonesty, unwilling to face up to its record during the Holocaust. Last year our reviewer, Rorty R, called this a “‘splendidly passionate polemic.’” FIRST NIGHTS: Five Musical Premieres, by Thomas Forrest Kelly, du Printemps’’ in Paris in $16 95 ). A. Harvard Professor Reconstructs The Stormy First Performance of Stravinsky’s ’ ’sacre, four other shocks of the new in the classical music world. Last year in these pages, Jonathan Keates found this “‘a brilliant essay’” that ’ ’with its abundant portfolios of documents, sensitively chosen illustrations . . . has us crying, ’Oh, that we were there!’ ’ ’ DREAM STUFF: Stories, by David Malouf. (Vintage International, $12.) In this collection of short fiction, Australia is portrayed as a land of surprises, Possibilities C, where the past itself is open to question. Many of the characters protest loss on a personal, Scale C, even as the author suggests that nothing is lost forever. Last year in the Book Review, Michael Wood admired these “‘nine haunting stories’” about a continent that is both youthful, old, Light FWB, darkness. THE UNEXPECTED LEGACY OF DIVORCE: A 25 Year Landmark Study, Wallerstein by J, Lewis J, (Hyperion SB, $14.95.) Tracking the postdivorce fates of 60 California families since, the authors examine the long-term toll of divorce on children as they reach adulthood. Among the findings: only 40 percent of the children in the study ever married, less than half the figure for the general population. ’ ’One of this book’s virtues is the way it combines research, analysis with advice to real people facing the breakup of their marriages, ’ ’ Margaret Talbot wrote here in 2000. A GOOD HOUSE, by Bonnie Burnard, $14.) This minutely detailed first novel follows the fortunes of an ever-expanding family in southern Ontario, from the postwar flush of the late 1940’s to a wedding 50 years later. The result is an ’ ’intricate, rewarding book’’ with ’ ’a keen appreciation for the sad, surprising, joyous, important things that happen to people whose lives . . . could be called normal in the extreme, ’ ’ Louisa Kamps said here last year. Scott Veale (2001) New & Noteworthy Paperbacks. New York Times:716

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Firestein 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Cosson and Lutolf 2014; Firestein 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

  • Two authors: (Cosson and Lutolf 2014)
  • Three or more authors: (Song et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal titleWeed Science
AbbreviationWeed Sci.
ISSN (print)0043-1745
ISSN (online)1550-2759
ScopeAgronomy and Crop Science
Plant Science

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