How to format your references using the Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Cohen, How to make diplomats scientifically literate, Nature 405 (2000) 116.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.M. Pedraza, A. van Oudenaarden, Noise propagation in gene networks, Science 307 (2005) 1965–1969.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. Miyazawa, Y. Fujiyoshi, N. Unwin, Structure and gating mechanism of the acetylcholine receptor pore, Nature 423 (2003) 949–955.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Y. Yamamoto, M.P. Brady, Z.P. Lu, P.J. Maziasz, C.T. Liu, B.A. Pint, K.L. More, H.M. Meyer, E.A. Payzant, Creep-resistant, Al2O3-forming austenitic stainless steels, Science 316 (2007) 433–436.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L. Grinshpan, Solving Enterprise Applications Performance Puzzles, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

H. Derksen, Computational Invariant Theory, 2nd ed. 2015, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A.D. Ellinger, R.G. Hamlin, R.S. Beattie, Y.-L. Wang, O. McVicar, Managerial Coaching as a Workplace Learning Strategy, in: R.F. Poell, M. van Woerkom (Eds.), Supporting Workplace Learning: Towards Evidence-Based Practice, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2011: pp. 71–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web.

Blog post

[1]

D. Andrew, Is Fukushima Still Safe After The Latest Earthquake?, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/is-fukushima-still-safe-after-the-latest-earthquake/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Passenger Rail Security: Consistent Incident Reporting and Analysis Needed to Achieve Program Objectives, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

L.J. Sherman, Bridging the attachment transmission gap with maternal mind-mindedness and infant temperament, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Rothenberg, Wimbledon’s Qualifying Tournament Is Both 3½ Miles and a World Away, New York Times (2017) B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Abbreviation	Web Semant.
ISSN (print)	1570-8268
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Human-Computer Interaction Software