How to format your references using the Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

W. Fuller, Who said “helix”?, Nature 424 (2003) 876–878.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

C.R. Chong, D.J. Sullivan Jr, New uses for old drugs, Nature 448 (2007) 645–646.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

L. Loewe, V. Textor, S. Scherer, High deleterious genomic mutation rate in stationary phase of Escherichia coli, Science 302 (2003) 1558–1560.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

I.A. Krams, I. Skrinda, S. Kecko, F.R. Moore, T. Krama, A. Kaasik, L. Meija, V. Lietuvietis, M.J. Rantala, Body height affects the strength of immune response in young men, but not young women, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6223.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.T. Ishiyama, Comparative Politics, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

R. Pooley, J. Coady, C. Schneider, H. Linger, C. Barry, M. Lang, eds., Information Systems Development: Reflections, Challenges and New Directions, Springer, New York, NY, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Li, P. Vitányi, Algorithmic Probability, in: P. Vitányi (Ed.), An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications, Springer, New York, NY, 2008: pp. 259–338.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, Paris Agreement Will Add $19 Trillion To World Economy If America Sticks With It, IFLScience (2017).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Public Community Colleges and Technical Schools: Most Schools Use Both Credit and Noncredit Programs for Workforce Development, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.M. Akiyama, Taste Detection in Post-Laryngectomy Head and Neck Cancer Survivors and Its Effect on Dietary Intake and Malnutrition Status, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Vecsey, Finish Is a Beacon Of an Alluring World Cup, New York Times (2010) D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Abbreviation	Web Semant.
ISSN (print)	1570-8268
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Human-Computer Interaction Software