How to format your references using the Water Security citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Security. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

V.M. Shalaev, Physics. Transforming light, Science 322 (2008) 384–386.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H. Poulsen, P. Nissen, Structural biology. The inner workings of a dynamic duo, Science 335 (2012) 416–417.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T.S. Cubitt, D. Perez-Garcia, M.M. Wolf, Undecidability of the spectral gap, Nature 528 (2015) 207–211.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S.M. Hayden, H.A. Mook, P. Dai, T.G. Perring, F. Doğan, The structure of the high-energy spin excitations in a high-transition-temperature superconductor, Nature 429 (2004) 531–534.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R. Black, Pragmatic Software Testing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

E. Tambouris, A. Macintosh, Ø. Sæbø, eds., Electronic Participation: 4th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, ePart 2012, Kristiansand, Norway, September 3-5, 2012. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Liu, D. Zhang, P.-T. Yap, D. Shen, Hierarchical Ensemble of Multi-level Classifiers for Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease, in: F. Wang, D. Shen, P. Yan, K. Suzuki (Eds.), Machine Learning in Medical Imaging: Third International Workshop, MLMI 2012, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2012, Nice, France, October 1, 2012, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012: pp. 27–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Security.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Is Depression a Mental or Physical Illness? Unravelling the Inflammation Hypothesis, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/depression-mental-or-physical-illness-unravelling-inflammation-hypothesis/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Screening Partnership Program: TSA Should Issue More Guidance to Airports and Monitor Private versus Federal Screener Performance, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

H. Zhang, Studies of Zeolite-Based Artificial Photosynthetic Systems, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

E. St. John Kelly, Hasidic Housing a Letdown, New York Times (1998) 147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Security
ISSN (print)	2468-3124
Scope