How to format your references using the Journal of Otology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Otology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P., 2003. Ground control. Nature 421, 969.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wyatt, M.B., McSween, H.Y., Jr, 2002. Spectral evidence for weathered basalt as an alternative to andesite in the northern lowlands of Mars. Nature 417, 263–266.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jaffer, H., Adjei, I.M., Labhasetwar, V., 2013. Optical imaging to map blood-brain barrier leakage. Sci. Rep. 3, 3117.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Amedeo, P., Habu, Y., Afsar, K., Mittelsten Scheid, O., Paszkowski, J., 2000. Disruption of the plant gene MOM releases transcriptional silencing of methylated genes. Nature 405, 203–206.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Biegelman, M.T., 2013. Faces of Fraud. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Khattab, A., 2013. Cognitive Radio Networks: From Theory to Practice, Analog Circuits and Signal Processing. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Eldib, H., Wang, C., Schaumont, P., 2014. SMT-Based Verification of Software Countermeasures against Side-Channel Attacks, in: Ábrahám, E., Havelund, K. (Eds.), Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems: 20th International Conference, TACAS 2014, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2014, Grenoble, France, April 5-13, 2014. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 62–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Otology.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2017. Copying Rabies Could Provide A New Way To Treat Brain Cancer [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/copying-rabies-could-provide-a-new-way-to-treat-brain-cancer/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1972. Achievements, Cost, and Administration of the Ocean Sediment Coring Program (No. B-171989). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Forget, M.A., 2012. Tumor Angiogenesis is all Tied up in Tie2-Expressing Macrophages (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Tomasky, M., 2017. A Tax Revolt in Kansas. New York Times A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik, 2003; Wyatt and McSween, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wyatt and McSween, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Amedeo et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Otology
Abbreviation	J. Otol.
ISSN (print)	1672-2930
Scope

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