How to format your references using the Water Research X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Research X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nottebohm, F., 2014. Peter Marler (1928-2014). Nature 512, 372.

A journal article with 2 authors

West, S.A., Gardner, A., 2010. Altruism, spite, and greenbeards. Science 327, 1341–1344.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, K.J., Dietrich, P., Jessell, T.M., 2000. Genetic ablation reveals that the roof plate is essential for dorsal interneuron specification. Nature 403, 734–740.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, F., Zhang, Y., Tian, C., Girit, C., Zettl, A., Crommie, M., Shen, Y.R., 2008. Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene. Science 320, 206–209.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leuf, B., 2006. The Semantic Web. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Halevi, S. (Ed.), 2009. Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 2009: 29th Annual International Cryptology Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, August 16-20, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Asiki, A., Tsoumakos, D., Koziris, N., 2012. A DHT-Based System for the Management of Loosely Structured, Multidimensional Data, in: Hameurlain, A., Küng, J., Wagner, R., Liddle, S.W., Schewe, K.-D., Zhou, X. (Eds.), Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems VI: Special Issue on Database- and Expert-Systems Applications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 134–166.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Research X.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2016. Male Sparrows With Unfaithful Partners Feed Their Young Less Food [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2001. Space Shuttle Safety: Update on NASA’s Progress in Revitalizing the Shuttle Workforce and Making Safety Upgrades (No. GAO-01-1122T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moore, K.C., 2014. Coping strategies for adolescents whose parents have cancer: A curriculum (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B., 2017. TV Drama Takes Arabs Inside Life Under ISIS. New York Times A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nottebohm, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Nottebohm, 2014; West and Gardner, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (West and Gardner, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Research X
ISSN (print)	2589-9147
Scope