How to format your references using the Water Research X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Research X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Levine, D.K., 2009. Economics. Eyes on the prize? Science 323, 1296–1297.

A journal article with 2 authors

Haldane, A.G., May, R.M., 2011. Systemic risk in banking ecosystems. Nature 469, 351–355.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fish, J., Raule, N., Attardi, G., 2004. Discovery of a major D-loop replication origin reveals two modes of human mtDNA synthesis. Science 306, 2098–2101.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yu, Y., Tong, Q., Li, Z., Tian, J., Wang, Yizhi, Su, F., Wang, Yongsheng, Liu, J., Zhang, Y., 2014. Improved site-specific recombinase-based method to produce selectable marker- and vector-backbone-free transgenic cells. Sci. Rep. 4, 4240.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Safari, M., Ariff, M., Mohamad, S., 2014. Sukuk Securities. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore.

An edited book

Fultz, B., 2013. Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffractometry of Materials, 4th ed. 2013. ed, Graduate Texts in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Hosoda, S., Nonaka, M., Tomita, T., Taguchi, B., Tomita, H., Iwasaka, N., 2016. Impact of downward heat penetration below the shallow seasonal thermocline on the sea surface temperature, in: Nakamura, H., Isobe, A., Minobe, S., Mitsudera, H., Nonaka, M., Suga, T. (Eds.), “Hot Spots” in the Climate System: New Developments in the Extratropical Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Research. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 73–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Research X.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2017. Wikileaks Vault 7 Reveals Staggering Breadth Of ‘Cia Hacking’ [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1998. State Department: Tourist Visa Processing Backlogs Persist at U.S. Consulates (No. NSIAD-98-69). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Koenig, W.E., 2010. Leadership for the whole in the mythic field of C. G. Jung’s unconscious processes (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K., 2008. Saturday Bustle. New York Times NJ16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Levine, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Haldane and May, 2011; Levine, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Haldane and May, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Yu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Research X
ISSN (print)	2589-9147
Scope