How to format your references using the Water Research X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Research X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Isselbacher, K.J., 2009. Retrospective. Paul C. Zamecnik (1912-2009). Science 326, 1359.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boltasseva, A., Atwater, H.A., 2011. Materials science. Low-loss plasmonic metamaterials. Science 331, 290–291.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mietto, P., Avanzini, M., Rolandi, G., 2003. Palaeontology: Human footprints in Pleistocene volcanic ash. Nature 422, 133.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Spence, J.R., Mayhew, C.N., Rankin, S.A., Kuhar, M.F., Vallance, J.E., Tolle, K., Hoskins, E.E., Kalinichenko, V.V., Wells, S.I., Zorn, A.M., Shroyer, N.F., Wells, J.M., 2011. Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into intestinal tissue in vitro. Nature 470, 105–109.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Krimpmann, A., 2015. Principles of Group Accounting under IFRS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Allen, J., van der Velden, R. (Eds.), 2011. The Flexible Professional in the Knowledge Society: New Challenges for Higher Education, Higher Education Dynamics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Javed, O., Shah, M., 2008. Tracking in Multiple Cameras with Disjoint Views, in: Shah, M. (Ed.), Automated Multi-Camera Surveillance: Algorithms and Practice, The International Series in Video Computing. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp. 1–26.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Research X.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Mind-Controlling Wasps Enslave Zombie Spiders To Build Them A Perfect Nest [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mind-controlling-wasps-enslave-zombie-spiders-build-them-perfect-nest/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2002. Information Technology: OMB Leadership Critical to Making Needed Enterprise Architecture and E-government Progress (No. GAO-02-389T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gibson, J.J., 2017. An Assessment of Factors Relating to High School Students’ Science Self-Efficacy (Doctoral dissertation). Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard, B., 2016. Smiling as Syria Burns, Assad Remains Secure in Power and Impunity. New York Times A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Isselbacher, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Boltasseva and Atwater, 2011; Isselbacher, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Boltasseva and Atwater, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Spence et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Research X
ISSN (print)	2589-9147
Scope