How to format your references using the Global Environmental Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Global Environmental Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dickson, D., 2001. Weaving a social web. Nature 414, 587.

A journal article with 2 authors

Silphaduang, U., Noga, E.J., 2001. Peptide antibiotics in mast cells of fish. Nature 414, 268–269.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dieterich, J., Cayol, V., Okubo, P., 2000. The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano. Nature 408, 457–460.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Morel, C.M., Carvalheiro, J.R., Romero, C.N.P., Costa, E.A., Buss, P.M., 2007. The road to recovery. Nature 449, 180–182.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Toy, M., 2012. Networks and Services. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Naunheimer, H., 2011. Automotive Transmissions: Fundamentals, Selection, Design and Application. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Greenbaum, B., Trifonov, V., Khiabanian, H., Levine, A., Rabadan, R., 2011. The Emergence of 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza, in: Rappuoli, R., Del Giudice, G. (Eds.), Influenza Vaccines for the Future. Springer, Basel, pp. 95–111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Global Environmental Change.

Blog post

Andrew, D., 2015. 5 Myths About Sugar That Everyone Needs To Stop Believing [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/5-myths-about-sugar/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1996. Transportation Enhancements: Status of the $2.4 Billion Authorized for Nonmotorized Transportation (No. RCED-96-156). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen, C., 2010. A psychoeducational support group for Vietnamese American family caregivers of stroke survivors: Grant writing thesis proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M., 2010. Tango On the Beach. New York Times E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dickson, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Dickson, 2001; Silphaduang and Noga, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Silphaduang and Noga, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Morel et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Global Environmental Change
Abbreviation	Glob. Environ. Change
ISSN (print)	0959-3780
Scope	Ecology Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Geography, Planning and Development

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