How to format your references using the Biomedical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomedical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Field CB. Global change. Sharing the garden. Science 2001;294:2490–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rivkin AS, Emery JP. Detection of ice and organics on an asteroidal surface. Nature 2010;464:1322–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

McAlary L, Yerbury JJ, Aquilina JA. Glutathionylation potentiates benign superoxide dismutase 1 variants to the toxic forms associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2013;3:3275.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Miles LA, Crespi GAN, Doughty L, Parker MW. Bapineuzumab captures the N-terminus of the Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-beta peptide in a helical conformation. Sci Rep 2013;3:1302.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

He J, Zeng R, Zhang B. Methodology and Technology for Power System Grounding. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Nejdl W, Kay J, Pu P, Herder E, editors. Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems: 5th International Conference, AH 2008, Hannover, Germany, July 29 - August 1, 2008. Proceedings. vol. 5149. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Waters NC, Edstein MD. 8-Aminoquinolines: Primaquine and Tafenoquine. In: Staines HM, Krishna S, editors. Treatment and Prevention of Malaria: Antimalarial Drug Chemistry, Action and Use, Basel: Springer; 2012, p. 69–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomedical Journal.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Midwinter Heatwave Predicted To Hit The Arctic. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/midwinter-heatwave-predicted-to-hit-the-arctic/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Implementation of the Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Meng W. Synthesis and design of microwave wideband filters and components. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Pilon M. Top Sprinters Test Positive, Jolting Track World. New York Times 2013:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomedical Journal
Abbreviation	Biomed. J.
ISSN (print)	2319-4170
Scope	General Medicine

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