How to format your references using the Biomedical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomedical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Nave K-A. Myelination and support of axonal integrity by glia. Nature 2010;468:244–52.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Heilbron JL, Bynum WF. 1902 and all that. Nature 2002;415:15–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Garrick-Bethell I, Nimmo F, Wieczorek MA. Structure and formation of the lunar farside highlands. Science 2010;330:949–51.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Calford MB, Chino YM, Das A, Eysel UT, Gilbert CD, Heinen SJ, et al. Neuroscience: rewiring the adult brain. Nature 2005;438:E3; discussion E3-4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Yoder CH, Leber PA, Thomsen MW. The Bridge to Organic Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Kaneko M, Nakamura Y, editors. Robotics Research: The 13th International Symposium ISRR. vol. 66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Othieno H, Awange J. Energy Resources in Western and Central Africa. In: Awange J, editor. Energy Resources in Africa: Distribution, Opportunities and Challenges, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 165–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomedical Journal.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Trees Trap Environmental Particulate Matter. IFLScience 2013. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/trees-trap-environmental-particulate-matter/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Customs Service Modernization: Management Improvements Needed on High-Risk Automated Commercial Environment Project. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Pee G-Y. Sonochemical Remediation of Freshwater Sediments Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Rich N. The New Origin of the Species. New York Times 2014:MM24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomedical Journal
Abbreviation	Biomed. J.
ISSN (print)	2319-4170
Scope	General Medicine

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