How to format your references using the Biomedical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomedical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Morgenstern M. Physics. STM ready for the time domain. Science 2010;329:1609–10.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Elmquist JK, Flier JS. Neuroscience. The fat-brain axis enters a new dimension. Science 2004;304:63–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Bernevig BA, Hughes TL, Zhang S-C. Quantum spin Hall effect and topological phase transition in HgTe quantum wells. Science 2006;314:1757–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Joh HM, Choi JY, Kim SJ, Chung TH, Kang T-H. Effect of additive oxygen gas on cellular response of lung cancer cells induced by atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet. Sci Rep 2014;4:6638.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Iosifescu M, Limnios N, Oprişan G. Introduction to Stochastic Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Fraser G, Gargantini A, editors. Tests and Proofs: 4th International Conference, TAP 2010, Málaga, Spain, July 1-2, 2010. Proceedings. vol. 6143. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Teng TT, Low LW. Removal of Dyes and Pigments from Industrial Effluents. In: Sharma SK, Sanghi R, editors. Advances in Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012, p. 65–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomedical Journal.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. World’s Largest Aquatic Insect Discovered. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. High-Speed Passenger Rail: Preliminary Assessment of California’s Cost Estimates and Other Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hammamy R. “Promoting responsible action in medical emergencies”: Determining the impact of a new University of Maryland alcohol protocol. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Roach M. Faces in the Crowd. New York Times 2010:BR12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomedical Journal
Abbreviation	Biomed. J.
ISSN (print)	2319-4170
Scope	General Medicine