How to format your references using the Water Alternatives citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Alternatives. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rosset, P. 2011. Preventing hunger: change economic policy. Nature 479(7374): 472–473.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang, J. and Zhao, Y. 2004. Formation of zirconium metallic glass. Nature 430(6997): 332–335.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kalas, P.; Liu, M.C. and Matthews, B.C. 2004. Discovery of a large dust disk around the nearby star AU Microscopii. Science (New York, N.Y.) 303(5666): 1990–1992.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Klamp, T.; Camps, M.; Nieto, B.; Guasch, F.; Ranasinghe, R.T.; Wiedemann, J.; Petrášek, Z.; Schwille, P.; Klenerman, D. and Sauer, M. 2013. Highly rapid amplification-free and quantitative DNA imaging assay. Scientific reports 3: 1852.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Killops, S. and Killops, V. 2004. Introduction to Organic Geochemistry. Malden, MA USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd..

An edited book

Camussi, R. (Ed). 2013. Noise Sources in Turbulent Shear Flows: Fundamentals and Applications. 1st ed. CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences 545. Vienna: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Medeiros, M.F.T. 2016. Historical Ethnobiology. In Albuquerque, U.P. and Nóbrega Alves, R.R. (Eds), Introduction to Ethnobiology, pp. 19–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Alternatives.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. Can You Be Allergic To Your Wi-Fi? IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/can-you-be-allergic-your-wi-fi/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. NSF Review: Review Process for the National Science Foundation’s Science and Engineering Pipeline Study. T-RCED-92-24. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zohourian, M. 2015. Supply Chain Decision Making Under Demand Uncertainty and the Use of Control Systems: A Correlational Study. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K. 2002. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Rebels Avenge A Leader’s Death. New York Times. 16 May 2002.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rosset, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Zhang and Zhao, 2004; Rosset, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhang and Zhao, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Klamp et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Alternatives
ISSN (online)	1965-0175
Scope