How to format your references using the Water Alternatives citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Alternatives. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Walsh, C.T. 2004. Polyketide and nonribosomal peptide antibiotics: modularity and versatility. Science (New York, N.Y.) 303(5665): 1805–1810.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cruz, M. and Coontz, R. 2013. Exoplanets. Alien worlds galore. Introduction. Science (New York, N.Y.) 340(6132): 565.

A journal article with 3 authors

Jiang, H.; Stein, B.E. and McHaffie, J.G. 2003. Opposing basal ganglia processes shape midbrain visuomotor activity bilaterally. Nature 423(6943): 982–986.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Matsuzawa, A.; Tseng, P.-H.; Vallabhapurapu, S.; Luo, J.-L.; Zhang, W.; Wang, H.; Vignali, D.A.A.; Gallagher, E. and Karin, M. 2008. Essential cytoplasmic translocation of a cytokine receptor-assembled signaling complex. Science (New York, N.Y.) 321(5889): 663–668.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Thornicroft, G.; Semrau, M.; Alem, A.; Drake, R.E.; Ito, H.; Mari, J.; McGeorge, P. and Thara, R. 2011. Community Mental Health. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Fabrikant, S.I.; Raubal, M.; Bertolotto, M.; Davies, C.; Freundschuh, S. and Bell, S. (Eds). 2015. Spatial Information Theory: 12th International Conference, COSIT 2015, Santa Fe, NM, USA, October 12-16, 2015, Proceedings. 1st ed. 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9368. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Hardin, C.S. and Taylor, A.D. 2013. The Denumerable Setting: One-Way Visibility. In Taylor, A.D. (Ed), The Mathematics of Coordinated Inference: A Study of Generalized Hat Problems , Developments in Mathematics, pp. 29–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Alternatives.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. 2017. Planets Might Be Forming Thanks To Dust Traps. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/planets-might-be-forming-thanks-to-dust-traps/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2010. Propane and Heating Oil: Federal Oversight of the Propane Education and Research Council and National Oilheat Research Alliance Should Be Strengthened. GAO-10-981T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hunt, S.A. 2012. A study of health care payment organizations’ culture and adaptability to revolutionary change. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. 2009. Nassau and Union in Deal to Avoid Layoffs. New York Times. 15 March 2009.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Walsh, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Walsh, 2004; Cruz and Coontz, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cruz and Coontz, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Matsuzawa et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Alternatives
ISSN (online)	1965-0175
Scope