How to format your references using the Waste Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Waste Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rotblat, J., 2000. ESSAYS ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Taking Responsibility. Science 289, 729.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gillett, N.P., Thompson, D.W.J., 2003. Simulation of recent southern hemisphere climate change. Science 302, 273–275.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yan, W.-B., Huang, J.-F., Fan, H., 2013. Tunable single-photon frequency conversion in a Sagnac interferometer. Sci. Rep. 3, 3555.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Virtanen, A., Joutsensaari, J., Koop, T., Kannosto, J., Yli-Pirilä, P., Leskinen, J., Mäkelä, J.M., Holopainen, J.K., Pöschl, U., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D.R., Laaksonen, A., 2010. An amorphous solid state of biogenic secondary organic aerosol particles. Nature 467, 824–827.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fernandez-Maloigne, C., Robert-Inacio, F., Macaire, L., 2012. Digital Color. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA.

An edited book

Esser, K., Löttge, U., Beyschlag, W., Murata, J. (Eds.), 2007. Progress in Botany, Progress in Botany. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Dede, E.M., Lee, J., Nomura, T., 2014. Electromechanical System Simulation and Optimization Studies, in: Lee, J., Nomura, T. (Eds.), Multiphysics Simulation: Electromechanical System Applications and Optimization, Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications. Springer, London, pp. 61–187.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Waste Management.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2013. Second Set of Vocal Cords Discovered in Koalas [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/second-set-vocal-cords-discovered-koalas/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. University Research: Controlling Inappropriate Access to Federally Funded Research Results (No. RCED-92-104). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McGrath, P.M., 2013. Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008: A policy analysis (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., 2014. Honing Their Chances With Photos and Wit. New York Times D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rotblat, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Gillett and Thompson, 2003; Rotblat, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gillett and Thompson, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Virtanen et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Waste Management
Abbreviation	Waste Manag.
ISSN (print)	0956-053X
Scope	Waste Management and Disposal

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