How to format your references using the Waste Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Waste Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Venemans, B., 2015. Cosmology: A giant in the young Universe. Nature 518, 490–491.

A journal article with 2 authors

Haq, B.U., Schutter, S.R., 2008. A chronology of Paleozoic sea-level changes. Science 322, 64–68.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bartels, T., Choi, J.G., Selkoe, D.J., 2011. α-Synuclein occurs physiologically as a helically folded tetramer that resists aggregation. Nature 477, 107–110.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mezzacapo, A., Las Heras, U., Pedernales, J.S., DiCarlo, L., Solano, E., Lamata, L., 2014. Digital quantum Rabi and Dicke models in superconducting circuits. Sci. Rep. 4, 7482.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Holmes, J.D., 2016. Great Myths of Education and Learning. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Stoecklin, D., Bonvin, J.-M. (Eds.), 2014. Children’s Rights and the Capability Approach: Challenges and Prospects, Children’s Well-Being: Indicators and Research. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Di Iorio, C.T., Carinci, F., 2013. Privacy and Health Care Information Systems: Where Is the Balance?, in: George, C., Whitehouse, D., Duquenoy, P. (Eds.), EHealth: Legal, Ethical and Governance Challenges. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 77–105.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Waste Management.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. A Teacher Uses Star Trek For Difficult Conversations On Race And Gender [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014. Advanced Imaging Technology: TSA Needs Additional Information before Procuring Next-Generation Systems (No. GAO-14-357). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Faello, J.P., 2012. Is strong corporate governance associated with informative income smoothing? (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wakin, D.J., Walsh, M.W., 2011. Other Orchestras Fear Paying Price for Philadelphia Pension Crisis. New York Times C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Venemans, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Haq and Schutter, 2008; Venemans, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Haq and Schutter, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Mezzacapo et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Waste Management
Abbreviation	Waste Manag.
ISSN (print)	0956-053X
Scope	Waste Management and Disposal