How to format your references using the Waste Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Waste Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pretty, J., 2003. Social capital and the collective management of resources. Science 302, 1912–1914.

A journal article with 2 authors

Modlin, R.L., Bloom, B.R., 2001. Immunology. Chip shots--will functional genomics get functional? Science 294, 799–801.

A journal article with 3 authors

Santer, B.D., Wigley, T.M.L., Taylor, K.E., 2011. The reproducibility of observational estimates of surface and atmospheric temperature change. Science 334, 1232–1233.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Warén, A., Bengtson, S., Goffredi, S.K., Van Dover, C.L., 2003. A hot-vent gastropod with iron sulfide dermal sclerites. Science 302, 1007.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Heimer, T., Werner, M., 2004. Die Zukunft der Mikrosystemtechnik. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Alencar, M.S., 2005. Communication Systems. Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

Boschen, J.S., Theis, D., Ruedenberg, K., Windus, T.L., 2015. Accurate ab initio potential energy curves and spectroscopic properties of the four lowest singlet states of C2, in: Wilson, A.K., Peterson, K.A., Woon, D.E. (Eds.), Thom H. Dunning, Jr: A Festschrift from Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, Highlights in Theoretical Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 47–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Waste Management.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Sexism In Science: One Step Back, Two Steps Forward [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/sexism-science-one-step-back-two-steps-forward/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2013. Spectrum Management: Further Consideration of Options to Improve Receiver Performance Needed (No. GAO-13-265). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pearson, R.S., 2008. Relationship Banking in a Competitive Environment With and Without Information Sharing: The Importance of Credit Bureaus in Microfinance (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marx, L., 2013. A Horse of a Different Color. New York Times ST17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pretty, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Modlin and Bloom, 2001; Pretty, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Modlin and Bloom, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Warén et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Waste Management
Abbreviation	Waste Manag.
ISSN (print)	0956-053X
Scope	Waste Management and Disposal