How to format your references using the Waste Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Waste Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bull, J.J., 2015. Evolution: Reptile sex determination goes wild. Nature 523, 43–44.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rignot, E., Thomas, R.H., 2002. Mass balance of polar ice sheets. Science 297, 1502–1506.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ganesh, G., Osu, R., Naito, E., 2013. Feeling the force: returning haptic signals influence effort inference during motor coordination. Sci. Rep. 3, 2648.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sebastiani, P., Solovieff, N., Puca, A., Hartley, S.W., Melista, E., Andersen, S., Dworkis, D.A., Wilk, J.B., Myers, R.H., Steinberg, M.H., Montano, M., Baldwin, C.T., Perls, T.T., 2011. Retraction. Science 333, 404.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jenkinson, J., Hyde, T., Ahmad, S., 2008. Building Blocks for Learning: Occupational Therapy Approaches. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom.

An edited book

Sreejesh, S., 2014. Business Research Methods: An Applied Orientation. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Silva, C., Maglinte, D., 2015. The Role of CTE/Barium Enteroclysis in Crohn’s Disease, in: Rajesh, A., Sinha, R. (Eds.), Crohn’s Disease: Current Concepts. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 47–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Waste Management.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. How To Feed a Two-Headed Snake [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2017. Corps of Engineers: Extent and Status of Expedited Permit Processing for Public-Utility Companies, Natural Gas Companies, and Railroad Carriers (No. GAO-17-678R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Estrada Marroquin, E.M., 2013. Using support groups to help kinship caregivers transition youth to safe and productive community living: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Macfarlane, I., 1905. “AN” AND “H.”; II. New York Times SATURDAY REVIEW OF BOOKSBR535.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bull, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Bull, 2015; Rignot and Thomas, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rignot and Thomas, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Sebastiani et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Waste Management
Abbreviation	Waste Manag.
ISSN (print)	0956-053X
Scope	Waste Management and Disposal