How to format your references using the Waste Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Waste Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Aragón, A.M., 2013. A measure for the impact of research. Sci. Rep. 3, 1649.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roth, S., Panfilio, K.A., 2012. Development. Making waves for segments. Science 336, 306–307.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kogan, A., Amasha, S., Kastner, M.A., 2004. Photon-induced Kondo satellites in a single-electron transistor. Science 304, 1293–1295.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Luo, Y., Frey, E.A., Pfuetzner, R.A., Creagh, A.L., Knoechel, D.G., Haynes, C.A., Finlay, B.B., Strynadka, N.C., 2000. Crystal structure of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli intimin-receptor complex. Nature 405, 1073–1077.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dauphiné, A., 2012. Fractal Geography. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Nilsson, A., 2016. Vibro-Acoustics, Volume 3, 2nd ed. 2016. ed. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Yang, Z.R., 2006. A Fast Algorithm for Relevance Vector Machine, in: Corchado, E., Yin, H., Botti, V., Fyfe, C. (Eds.), Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2006: 7th International Conference, Burgos, Spain, September 20-23, 2006. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 33–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Waste Management.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2014. Spray-On Nanofibres Bind Surgical Wounds [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/spray-nanofibres-bind-surgical-wounds/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. Aviation Security: Risk, Experience, and Customer Concerns Drive Changes to Airline Passenger Screening Procedures, but Evaluation and Documentation of Proposed Changes Could Be Improved (No. GAO-07-634). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Prejean, K.D., 2015. An Analysis of Corporal Punishment Practices in Texas Public Schools: Race, School District Size, Academic Performance, and Policy Influences (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J., 2017. Dodgers’ Turner Delivers Decisive Final Blow in a Battle of Bullpens. New York Times D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Aragón, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Aragón, 2013; Roth and Panfilio, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Roth and Panfilio, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Luo et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Waste Management
Abbreviation	Waste Manag.
ISSN (print)	0956-053X
Scope	Waste Management and Disposal