How to format your references using the Waste and Biomass Valorization citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Waste and Biomass Valorization. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Purnell, B.A.: Parenting. A legacy that transcends genes. Introduction. Science. 345, 742–743 (2014)

A journal article with 2 authors

Groisman, A., Steinberg, V.: Efficient mixing at low Reynolds numbers using polymer additives. Nature. 410, 905–908 (2001)

A journal article with 3 authors

Tosi, L., Teatini, P., Strozzi, T.: Natural versus anthropogenic subsidence of Venice. Sci. Rep. 3, 2710 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kapp, F.G., Perlin, J.R., Hagedorn, E.J., Gansner, J.M., Schwarz, D.E., O’Connell, L.A., Johnson, N.S., Amemiya, C., Fisher, D.E., Wölfle, U., Trompouki, E., Niemeyer, C.M., Driever, W., Zon, L.I.: Protection from UV light is an evolutionarily conserved feature of the haematopoietic niche. Nature. 558, 445–448 (2018)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Obayya, S., Hameed, M.F.O., Areed, N.F.F.: Computational Liquid Crystal Photonics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2016)

An edited book

Beckmann, A., Dimitracopoulos, C., Löwe, B. eds: Logic and Theory of Algorithms: 4th Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2008, Athens, Greece, June 15-20, 2008 Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2008)

A chapter in an edited book

Panin, I.: Purity for multipliers. In: Tandon, R. (ed.) Algebra and Number Theory: Proceedings of the Silver Jubilee Conference University of Hyderabad. pp. 66–89. Hindustan Book Agency, Gurgaon (2005)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Waste and Biomass Valorization.

Blog post

Hale, T.: World’s First Head Transplant Will Use Virtual Reality To Prepare Patients, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/world-s-first-head-transplant-will-use-virtual-reality-to-prepare-patients/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Improvements Needed in the Tennessee Valley Authority’s Management and Use of Its Automatic Data Processing Resources. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1979)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alaiyegbami, A.O.: Porescale Investigation of Gas Shales Reservoir Description by Comparing the Barnett, Mancos, and Marcellus Formation, (2014)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W.: Deadline Nears in Puerto Rico, Amid Haggling, (2016)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Waste and Biomass Valorization
Abbreviation	Waste Biomass Valorization
ISSN (print)	1877-2641
ISSN (online)	1877-265X
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Environmental Engineering Waste Management and Disposal