How to format your references using the Virus Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virus Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Malakoff, D., 2014. Gas revolution. The gas surge. Introduction. Science 344, 1464–1467.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ohlstein, B., Spradling, A., 2007. Multipotent Drosophila intestinal stem cells specify daughter cell fates by differential notch signaling. Science 315, 988–992.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wilmé, L., Goodman, S.M., Ganzhorn, J.U., 2006. Biogeographic evolution of Madagascar’s microendemic biota. Science 312, 1063–1065.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Cande, S.C., Stock, J.M., Muller, R.D., Ishihara, T., 2000. Cenozoic motion between East and West Antarctica. Nature 404, 145–150.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Micouin, P., 2014. Model-Based Systems Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Wong Kee Song, L.M., Gorospe, E.C., Baron, T.H. (Eds.), 2016. GI Endoscopic Emergencies, 1st ed. 2016. ed. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Rines, H.W., Molnar, S.J., Tinker, N.A., Phillips, R.L., 2006. Oat, in: Kole, C. (Ed.), Cereals and Millets, Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 211–242.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virus Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Poll Results Show Disparity Between Scientists And American Public On Scientific Issues [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/poll-results-show-disparity-between-scientists-and-american-public-scientific-issues/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1981. Implementing a Data Handling Policy for Space Science Flight Investigations (No. MASAD-81-34). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Raines, J.R., 2010. Exploring differences in teacher attitudes and instructional strategies between traditional and block schedule high schools: A comparison of two large schools (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt, M.S., 2013. Car Chase, White House To Capitol, Has Fatal End. New York Times A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Malakoff, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Malakoff, 2014; Ohlstein and Spradling, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ohlstein and Spradling, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Cande et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virus Research
Abbreviation	Virus Res.
ISSN (print)	0168-1702
Scope	Cancer Research Virology Infectious Diseases