How to format your references using the Virus Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virus Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lohmueller, K.E., 2014. Evolution. On the origin of Peter Rabbit. Science 345, 1000–1001.

A journal article with 2 authors

Crickmore, M.A., Mann, R.S., 2006. Hox control of organ size by regulation of morphogen production and mobility. Science 313, 63–68.

A journal article with 3 authors

Suzuki, N., Nishiura, M., Wakatsuki, Y., 2002. Isolation and structural characterization of 1-zirconacyclopent-3-yne, five-membered cyclic alkynes. Science 295, 660–663.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mayorga, E., Aufdenkampe, A.K., Masiello, C.A., Krusche, A.V., Hedges, J.I., Quay, P.D., Richey, J.E., Brown, T.A., 2005. Young organic matter as a source of carbon dioxide outgassing from Amazonian rivers. Nature 436, 538–541.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Salleh, S., Zomaya, A.Y., Olariu, S., Sanugi, B., 2005. Numerical Simulations and Case Studies Using Visual C++.Net. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Lip, G.Y.H., Shantsila, E. (Eds.), 2013. Handbook of Oral Anticoagulation, 2nd ed. 2013. ed. Springer Healthcare Ltd., Tarporley.

A chapter in an edited book

Heeager, L.T., 2013. The Agile and the Disciplined Software Approaches: Combinable or Just Compatible?, in: Pooley, R., Coady, J., Schneider, C., Linger, H., Barry, C., Lang, M. (Eds.), Information Systems Development: Reflections, Challenges and New Directions. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 35–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virus Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Gene Therapy Offers Fresh Hope to Cystic Fibrosis Sufferers [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. Commercial Aviation: Programs and Options for Providing Air Service to Small Communities (No. GAO-07-793T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mazgaeen, L., 2017. Differential RNAi Approaches to Enhance Knockdown Efficiency of Target Gene Transcripts in the Highly DDT-Resistant 91-R Strain of Drosophila melanogaster (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., 2013. Judges of a Graceful Sport, Caught in a Clumsy Cheating Scandal. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lohmueller, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Crickmore and Mann, 2006; Lohmueller, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Crickmore and Mann, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Mayorga et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virus Research
Abbreviation	Virus Res.
ISSN (print)	0168-1702
Scope	Cancer Research Virology Infectious Diseases