How to format your references using the Virtual Reality citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virtual Reality. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Parada LV (2011) Public health: Life lessons. Nature 480:S11-3

A journal article with 2 authors

Roberts RG, Brook BW (2010) Paleontology. And then there were none? Science 327:420–422

A journal article with 3 authors

Ng B, Cai W, Walsh K (2014) The role of the SST-thermocline relationship in Indian Ocean Dipole skewness and its response to global warming. Sci Rep 4:6034

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Cavallini M, Graziosi P, Calbucci M, et al (2014) Selective electrochemical decomposition of outgrowths and nanopatterning in La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO3 perovskite thin films. Sci Rep 4:7397

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Modarres M, Amiri M, Jackson C (2017) Probabilistic Physics of Failure Approach to Reliability. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Chen J (ed) (2016) Application of Ionic Liquids on Rare Earth Green Separation and Utilization. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Marinca V, Herisanu N (2015) The Third Alternative of the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method. In: Herisanu N (ed) The Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method: Engineering Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 391–465

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virtual Reality.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Probiotic Bacteria May Help Reduce Anxiety And Boost Memory Performance. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) NASA Procurement: Contract and Management Improvements at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tiedemann-Fuller PM (2008) A descriptive Rorschach study of children who have experienced chronic complex abuse. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2015) Puerto Rico Begins Choosing Which Payments to Make. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Parada 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Roberts and Brook 2010; Parada 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Roberts and Brook 2010)
Three or more authors: (Cavallini et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virtual Reality
Abbreviation	Virtual Real.
ISSN (print)	1359-4338
ISSN (online)	1434-9957
Scope	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Human-Computer Interaction Software