How to format your references using the Virtual and Physical Prototyping citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virtual and Physical Prototyping. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Berthoud, Hans-Rudolf. 2013. “Medicine. Why Does Gastric Bypass Surgery Work?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 341 (6144): 351–352.

A journal article with 2 authors

Geschwind, Daniel H., and Genevieve Konopka. 2009. “Neuroscience in the Era of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology.” Nature 461 (7266): 908–915.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim, Hyun-Jung, Jun-Ho Lee, and Jun-Hyung Cho. 2014. “Antiferromagnetic Slater Insulator Phase of Na₂IrO₃.” Scientific Reports 4 (June): 5253.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Tsukuda, Toyoko, Alastair B. Fleming, Jac A. Nickoloff, and Mary Ann Osley. 2005. “Chromatin Remodelling at a DNA Double-Strand Break Site in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae.” Nature 438 (7066): 379–383.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fullman, Scott H. 2010. Increasing Alpha with Options. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Goel, Sanjay, ed. 2010. Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime: First International ICST Conference, ICDF2C 2009, Albany, NY, USA, September 30-October 2, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Vol. 31. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Winter, Shawn S., and Jeffrey S. Taube. 2014. “Head Direction Cells: From Generation to Integration.” In Space,Time and Memory in the Hippocampal Formation, edited by Dori Derdikman and James J. Knierim, 83–106. Vienna: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virtual and Physical Prototyping.

Blog post

Carpineti, Chris. 2017. “Python Bites Off More Than It Can Chew, And Vomits Up Entire Deer.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/python-bites-off-more-than-it-can-chew-and-vomits-up-entire-deer/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2005. Transportation Services: Better Dissemination and Oversight of DOT’s Guidance Could Lead to Improved Access for Limited English-Proficient Populations (Spanish Version). GAO-06-185. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kratchman, Jessica. 2017. “Predicting Chronic Non-Cancer Toxicity Levels from Short-Term Toxicity Data.” Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, John. 2017. “‘Bachelor in Paradise’ Suspends Production.” New York Times, June 12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Berthoud 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Berthoud 2013; Geschwind and Konopka 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Geschwind and Konopka 2009)
Three authors: (Kim, Lee, and Cho 2014)
4 or more authors: (Tsukuda et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virtual and Physical Prototyping
Abbreviation	Virtual Phys. Prototyp.
ISSN (print)	1745-2759
ISSN (online)	1745-2767
Scope	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Signal Processing Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Modelling and Simulation