How to format your references using the Virtual and Physical Prototyping citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virtual and Physical Prototyping. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marx, Vivien. 2014. “Cancer Treatment: Sharp Shooters.” Nature 508 (7494): 133–138.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sawamiphak, Suphansa, and Didier Y. R. Stainier. 2014. “Developmental Biology: It Takes Muscle to Make Blood Cells.” Nature 512 (7514): 257–258.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shubin, Neil, Cliff Tabin, and Sean Carroll. 2009. “Deep Homology and the Origins of Evolutionary Novelty.” Nature 457 (7231): 818–823.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

O’Hora, Denis, Rick Dale, Petri T. Piiroinen, and Fionnuala Connolly. 2013. “Local Dynamics in Decision Making: The Evolution of Preference within and across Decisions.” Scientific Reports 3: 2210.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Plantin, Jean-Christophe. 2014. Participatory Mapping. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Rausch, Peter, Alaa F. Sheta, and Aladdin Ayesh, eds. 2013. Business Intelligence and Performance Management: Theory, Systems and Industrial Applications. Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Păun, Gheorghe. 2014. “Some Open Problems about Catalytic, Numerical, and Spiking Neural P Systems.” In Membrane Computing: 14th International Conference, CMC 2013, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova, August 20-23, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, edited by Artiom Alhazov, Svetlana Cojocaru, Marian Gheorghe, Yurii Rogozhin, Grzegorz Rozenberg, and Arto Salomaa, 33–39. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virtual and Physical Prototyping.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “Watch Live Webcast of Second Total Lunar Eclipse of 2014.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1995. School Finance: Three States’ Experiences With Equity in School Funding. HEHS-96-39. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bravo, Jacqueline. 2009. “Project Share: Implementing an Aftercare Program for Recovering Adolescents: A Grant Proposal.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, James. 2017. “Security in Stands Is Criticized After Clash.” New York Times, March 13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marx 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Marx 2014; Sawamiphak and Stainier 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sawamiphak and Stainier 2014)
Three authors: (Shubin, Tabin, and Carroll 2009)
4 or more authors: (O’Hora et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virtual and Physical Prototyping
Abbreviation	Virtual Phys. Prototyp.
ISSN (print)	1745-2759
ISSN (online)	1745-2767
Scope	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Signal Processing Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Modelling and Simulation