How to format your references using the Virology Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virology Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Service, R.F., 2000. MATERIALS SCIENCE: New Tigers in the Fuel Cell Tank. Science 288, 1955–1957.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hinrichs, K.-U., Inagaki, F., 2012. Biogeochemistry. Downsizing the deep biosphere. Science 338, 204–205.

A journal article with 3 authors

Molnar, P., Houseman, G.A., England, P.C., 2006. Earth science: palaeo-altimetry of Tibet. Nature 444, E4; discussion E4-5.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Burkepile, D.E., Allgeier, J.E., Shantz, A.A., Pritchard, C.E., Lemoine, N.P., Bhatti, L.H., Layman, C.A., 2013. Nutrient supply from fishes facilitates macroalgae and suppresses corals in a Caribbean coral reef ecosystem. Sci. Rep. 3, 1493.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Caban, S., Mehlführer, C., Rupp, M., Wrulich, M., 2011. Evaluation of HSDPA and LTE. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Gelenbe, E., Lent, R., Sakellari, G., Sacan, A., Toroslu, H., Yazici, A. (Eds.), 2010. Computer and Information Sciences: Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Girbau, J., Bruna, L., 2010. Cauchy Problem for Einstein’s Equation with Matter, in: Bruna, L. (Ed.), Stability by Linearization of Einstein’s Field Equation, Progress in Mathematical Physics. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp. 63–108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virology Reports.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Do Tech Accelerators Have A Sexism Problem? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1994. FAA Budget: Management Attention Needed for Future Investment Decisions (No. T-RCED-94-195). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thixton, H.L., 2017. Identification of Site-Specific Mycorrhizal Fungi Associates of the Federally Threatened Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid (Platanthera leucophaea) in Illinois (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hu, W., Remnick, N., 2015. Belated Focus on Prime Suspect in an Outbreak. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Service, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Hinrichs and Inagaki, 2012; Service, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hinrichs and Inagaki, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Burkepile et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virology Reports
Abbreviation	Virol. Rep.
ISSN (print)	2214-6695
Scope