How to format your references using the Virology Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virology Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Radda, G., 2002. Science in Europe. Biomedical research and international collaboration. Science 295, 445–446.

A journal article with 2 authors

Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J., 2009. Economics. Foundations of societal inequality. Science 326, 678–679.

A journal article with 3 authors

Murakami, S., Nagaosa, N., Zhang, S.-C., 2003. Dissipationless quantum spin current at room temperature. Science 301, 1348–1351.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Orosei, R., Lauro, S.E., Pettinelli, E., Cicchetti, A., Coradini, M., Cosciotti, B., Di Paolo, F., Flamini, E., Mattei, E., Pajola, M., Soldovieri, F., Cartacci, M., Cassenti, F., Frigeri, A., Giuppi, S., Martufi, R., Masdea, A., Mitri, G., Nenna, C., Noschese, R., Restano, M., Seu, R., 2018. Radar evidence of subglacial liquid water on Mars. Science 361, 490–493.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Keene, J., 2008. Clients with Complex Needs: Interprofessional Practice. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Robshaw, M., Katz, J. (Eds.), 2016. Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2016: 36th Annual International Cryptology Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, August 14-18, 2016, Proceedings, Part II, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Shandas, V., 2014. Socio-Ecological Context of Salmonids in the City, in: Yeakley, J.A., Maas-Hebner, K.G., Hughes, R.M. (Eds.), Wild Salmonids in the Urbanizing Pacific Northwest. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 47–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virology Reports.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2016. Hubble Takes A Celebratory Snap Of Mars As It Nears Its Closest Approach [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2000. Transit Grants: Need for Improved Predictability, Data, and Monitoring in Application Processing (No. RCED-00-260). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marquez, H.H., 2017. Social Capital, Academics, and Sense of Belonging among High School Foster Youth (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B., 2017. Nadal and Federer Steady a Collision Course. New York Times SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Radda, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Acemoglu and Robinson, 2009; Radda, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Acemoglu and Robinson, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Orosei et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virology Reports
Abbreviation	Virol. Rep.
ISSN (print)	2214-6695
Scope