How to format your references using the Virology Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virology Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McDowell, J.M., 2011. Plant science. Beleaguered immunity. Science 334, 1354–1355.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reimann, J.D.R., Jackson, P.K., 2002. Emi1 is required for cytostatic factor arrest in vertebrate eggs. Nature 416, 850–854.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tschöp, M., Smiley, D.L., Heiman, M.L., 2000. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 407, 908–913.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Spinner, M., Kovalev, A., Gorb, S.N., Westhoff, G., 2013. Snake velvet black: hierarchical micro- and nanostructure enhances dark colouration in Bitis rhinoceros. Sci. Rep. 3, 1846.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hase, Y., 2012. Handbook of Power Systems Engineering with Power Electronics Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Zhou, J. (Ed.), 2009. Complex Sciences: First International Conference, Complex 2009, Shanghai, China, February 23-25, 2009. Revised Papers, Part 1, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Streets, F.J., 2014. Relational Social Work and Religious Diversity, in: Rosenberger, J.B. (Ed.), Relational Social Work Practice with Diverse Populations: A Relational Approach. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 67–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virology Reports.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2017. Our Gut Microbes Influence How We Respond To Fear [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/gut-microbes-influence-respond-fear/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1990. Information Resources: Problems Persist in Justice’s ADP Management and Operations (No. IMTEC-91-4). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sindel, J., 2013. Vulnerability towards disordered eating in students registered in general education nutrition classes (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Powell, M., Walsh, M.W., 2010. A.I.G. to Pay $725 Million In Ohio Case. New York Times B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McDowell, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (McDowell, 2011; Reimann and Jackson, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reimann and Jackson, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Spinner et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virology Reports
Abbreviation	Virol. Rep.
ISSN (print)	2214-6695
Scope