How to format your references using the The Journal of Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barouch DH. Challenges in the development of an HIV-1 vaccine. Nature 2008; 455: 613-619

A journal article with 2 authors

Diamond J, Bellwood P. Farmers and their languages: the first expansions. Science 2003; 300: 597-603

A journal article with 3 authors

Wild G, Gardner A, West SA. Adaptation and the evolution of parasite virulence in a connected world. Nature 2009; 459: 983-986

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wen P, Zheng N, Li L, et al. Symmetrically periodic segregation in a vertically vibrated binary granular bed. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 6914

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mauthe A, Thomas P. Professional Content Management Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Grass W, Sick B, Waldschmidt K, eds. Architecture of Computing Systems - ARCS 2006: 19th International Conference, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, March 13-16, 2006. Proceedings. Vol 3894. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Fournier S, Doan VD, Joseph V. Sex-Specific Effects of Daily Gavage with a Mixed Progesterone and Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist on Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Newborn Rats. In Nurse CA, Gonzalez C, Peers C et al., eds. Arterial Chemoreception: From Molecules to Systems. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012; 29-35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Regional Variations In Microbes Influence A Wine’s Flavor. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Evaluation of Army’s Mobile Subscriber Equipment Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Davis PJ. A comparison of a high and low -performing school in the Soroti Catholic Diocese, Uganda, East -Africa. 2009

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. David Sarkisyan, 62, Moscow Preservationist. New York Times. January 20, 2010:A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Pathology
Abbreviation	J. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0022-3417
ISSN (online)	1096-9896
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine