How to format your references using the Veterinary and Animal Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Veterinary and Animal Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Elderfield, H. (2010). Climate. Seawater chemistry and climate. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5969), 1092–1093.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jones-Smith, K., & Mathur, H. (2006). Fractal Analysis: revisiting Pollock’s drip paintings. Nature, 444(7119), E9-10; discussion E10-11.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rabitz, H. A., Hsieh, M. M., & Rosenthal, C. M. (2004). Quantum optimally controlled transition landscapes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 303(5666), 1998–2001.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Nath, U., Crawford, B. C. W., Carpenter, R., & Coen, E. (2003). Genetic control of surface curvature. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5611), 1404–1407.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Menk, F. W., & Waters, C. L. (2013). Magnetoseismology. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Chudnovsky, D., & Chudnovsky, G. (Eds.). (2010). Additive Number Theory: Festschrift In Honor of the Sixtieth Birthday of Melvyn B. Nathanson (1st ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Yamada, S., & Tamura, Y. (2016). Hazard Rates for Embedded OSS Reliability Analysis. In Y. Tamura (Ed.), OSS Reliability Measurement and Assessment (pp. 33–37). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Veterinary and Animal Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, May 19). Why Our Ancestors Were More Gender Equal Than Us. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-our-ancestors-were-more-gender-equal-us/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1998). Airport Financing: Information on Airport Fees Paid by Airlines (RCED-99-26R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Villagomez, G. C. (2017). Helping Foster Parents and Kinship Caregivers Support High School Graduation for Children in Their Care: A Self-Instructional Workbook [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G. G. (2017, June 29). Friendly Neighborhood Web-Slinger Exhibition. New York Times, C16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Elderfield, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Elderfield, 2010; Jones-Smith & Mathur, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jones-Smith & Mathur, 2006)
Three authors: (Rabitz et al., 2004)
6 or more authors: (Nath et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Veterinary and Animal Science
Abbreviation	Vet. Anim. Sci.
ISSN (print)	2451-943X
Scope