How to format your references using the Veterinary and Animal Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Veterinary and Animal Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cash, W. (2006). Detection of Earth-like planets around nearby stars using a petal-shaped occulter. Nature, 442(7098), 51–53.

A journal article with 2 authors

Di Noia, J., & Neuberger, M. S. (2002). Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting uracil-DNA glycosylase. Nature, 419(6902), 43–48.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yu, H., Tang, H., & Xu, P. (2014). Green strategy from waste to value-added-chemical production: efficient biosynthesis of 6-hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine by an engineered biocatalyst. Scientific Reports, 4, 5397.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Friedland, A. E., Lu, T. K., Wang, X., Shi, D., Church, G., & Collins, J. J. (2009). Synthetic gene networks that count. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5931), 1199–1202.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dunnivant, F. M., & Anders, E. (2005). A Basic Introduction to Pollutant Fate and Transport. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Esposito, A., Campbell, N., Vogel, C., Hussain, A., & Nijholt, A. (Eds.). (2010). Development of Multimodal Interfaces: Active Listening and Synchrony: Second COST 2102 International Training School, Dublin, Ireland, March 23-27, 2009, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 5967). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Morales, J. O., Watts, A. B., & McConville, J. T. (2016). Mechanical Particle-Size Reduction Techniques. In R. O. Williams III, A. B. Watts, & D. A. Miller (Eds.), Formulating Poorly Water Soluble Drugs (pp. 165–213). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Veterinary and Animal Science.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, May 27). 100,000 Flying Foxes Are Causing Chaos In A Small Australian Town. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1997). Department of Education: Challenges in Promoting Access and Excellence in Education (T-HEHS-97-99). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sahebjame, M. (2012). Marriage: An authentic Iranian experience of the modern [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G. G. (2013, July 1). Vertigo, a DC Brand, Is Rebuilding With 6 New Series. New York Times, B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cash, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Cash, 2006; Di Noia & Neuberger, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Di Noia & Neuberger, 2002)
Three authors: (Yu et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Friedland et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Veterinary and Animal Science
Abbreviation	Vet. Anim. Sci.
ISSN (print)	2451-943X
Scope