How to format your references using the Vaccines citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vaccines. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gutiérrez, R.A. Systems Biology for Enhanced Plant Nitrogen Nutrition. Science 2012, 336, 1673–1675.

A journal article with 2 authors

Walter, P.; Ron, D. The Unfolded Protein Response: From Stress Pathway to Homeostatic Regulation. Science 2011, 334, 1081–1086.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bugreev, D.V.; Mazina, O.M.; Mazin, A.V. Rad54 Protein Promotes Branch Migration of Holliday Junctions. Nature 2006, 442, 590–593.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lei, Y.; Mehmood, F.; Lee, S.; Greeley, J.; Lee, B.; Seifert, S.; Winans, R.E.; Elam, J.W.; Meyer, R.J.; Redfern, P.C.; et al. Increased Silver Activity for Direct Propylene Epoxidation via Subnanometer Size Effects. Science 2010, 328, 224–228.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Berthou, P.; Baudoin, C.; Gayraud, T.; Gineste, M. Satellite and Terrestrial Hybrid Networks; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2015; ISBN 9781118625347.

An edited book

Ulivi, P. Robotic Exploration of the Solar System: Part 3: Wows and Woes, 1997-2003; Harland, D.M., Ed.; Springer Praxis Books; Praxis: New York, NY, 2012; ISBN 9780387096278.

A chapter in an edited book

Grambow, G.; Oberhauser, R.; Reichert, M. Enabling Automatic Process-Aware Collaboration Support in Software Engineering Projects. In Software and Data Technologies: 6th International Conference, ICSOFT 2011, Seville, Spain, July 18-21, 2011. Revised Selected Papers; Escalona, M.J., Cordeiro, J., Shishkov, B., Eds.; Communications in Computer and Information Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013; pp. 73–88 ISBN 9783642361760.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vaccines.

Blog post

Fang, J. Russian Man Will Become Subject Of First Human Head Transplant Ever Performed Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/head-transplant-volunteer-might-face-fate-more-terrifying-death/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites: Technical Problems, Cost Increases, and Schedule Delays Trigger Need for Difficult Trade-off Decisions; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2005;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dang, H. The Cummulative Incidence Estimate versus the Kaplan Meier Method in Medical Research. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. A Feast for Actors, With One in the Kitchen. New York Times 2017, C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Vaccines
Abbreviation	Vaccines (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2076-393X
Scope	Immunology Infectious Diseases Pharmacology (medical) Drug Discovery Pharmacology

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