How to format your references using the The Journal of Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Dagotto E. Complexity in strongly correlated electronic systems. Science 2005;309:257–62.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Min J-H, Pavletich NP. Recognition of DNA damage by the Rad4 nucleotide excision repair protein. Nature 2007;449:570–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kuba H, Ishii TM, Ohmori H. Axonal site of spike initiation enhances auditory coincidence detection. Nature 2006;444:1069–72.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Liske H, Qian X, Anikeeva P, Deisseroth K, Delp S. Optical control of neuronal excitation and inhibition using a single opsin protein, ChR2. Sci Rep 2013;3:3110.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Evans R. Seven Secrets of the Savvy School Leader. San Francisco, CA, USA: Jossey-Bass; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Akerkar R. Intelligent Techniques for Data Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Cornillon P-A, Hengartner N, Lefieux V, Matzner-Løber E. Fully Nonparametric Short Term Forecasting Electricity Consumption. In: Antoniadis A, Poggi J-M, Brossat X, editors. Modeling and Stochastic Learning for Forecasting in High Dimensions, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 79–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Stunning Photo Of The Grand Canyon From The International Space Station. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/stunning-photo-grand-canyon-international-space-station/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. ADP Equipment: FAA’s Use of a Suspended Contractor. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Mickels BJ. A phenomenological research study on the formation of global business teams. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh MW. New Ideas On Pensions: Use States. New York Times 2012:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	J. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	0883-5403
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

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