How to format your references using the The Journal of Arthroplasty citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Arthroplasty. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Kemp M. Science in culture: Leonardo lifts off. Nature 2003;421:792.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gebbers R, Adamchuk VI. Precision agriculture and food security. Science 2010;327:828–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Brown RR, Deletic A, Wong THF. Interdisciplinarity: How to catalyse collaboration. Nature 2015;525:315–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Zhang W, Wang Y, Lee OO, Tian R, Cao H, Gao Z, et al. Adaptation of intertidal biofilm communities is driven by metal ion and oxidative stresses. Sci Rep 2013;3:3180.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Remy J-G, Letamendia C. LTE Standards. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Horst RK, editor. Westcott’s Plant Disease Handbook. Seventh Edition. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Day JW, Hall C. The Wealth of Nature Is the Wealth of Nations: Ecosystem Services and Their Value to Society. In: Hall C, editor. America’s Most Sustainable Cities and Regions: Surviving the 21st Century Megatrends, New York, NY: Springer; 2016, p. 115–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Arthroplasty.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Antibiotic Resistance Now A Global Threat According To Latest WHO Report. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Health, Education, Employment, and Income Security Reports. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Uzan E. Secondary Mathematics Pre-Service Teachers’ Processes of Selection and Integration of Technology. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Millrose to Give a Spotlight to Decathletes. New York Times 2011:B16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Arthroplasty
Abbreviation	J. Arthroplasty
ISSN (print)	0883-5403
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

Research and Writing Guides