How to format your references using the Vaccines citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vaccines. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spratt, B.G. Microbiology. Stomachs out of Africa. Science 2003, 299, 1528–1529.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rieux-Laucat, F.; Casanova, J.-L. Immunology. Autoimmunity by Haploinsufficiency. Science 2014, 345, 1560–1561.

A journal article with 3 authors

Geng, W.T.; Wang, J.-S.; Olson, G.B. Comment on “Grain Boundary Decohesion by Impurity Segregation in a Nickel-Sulfur System.” Science 2005, 309, 1677; author reply 1677.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Steinhart, M.; Wendorff, J.H.; Greiner, A.; Wehrspohn, R.B.; Nielsch, K.; Schilling, J.; Choi, J.; Gösele, U. Polymer Nanotubes by Wetting of Ordered Porous Templates. Science 2002, 296, 1997.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rumelhard, C.; Algani, C.; Billabert, A.-L. Microwave Photonic Links; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2013; ISBN 9781118586372.

An edited book

Formal Aspects in Security and Trust: IFIP TC1 WG1.7 Workshop on Formal Aspects in Security and Trust (FAST), World Computer Congress, August 22–27, 2004, Toulouse, France; Dimitrakos, T., Martinelli, F., Eds.; IFIP International Federation for Information Processing; Springer US: Boston, MA, 2005; Vol. 173; ISBN 9780387240503.

A chapter in an edited book

Goudra, B.G.; Singh, P.M. Principles of Total Intravenous Anesthesia. In Essentials of Pharmacology for Anesthesia, Pain Medicine, and Critical Care; Kaye, A.D., Kaye, A.M., Urman, R.D., Eds.; Springer: New York, NY, 2015; pp. 73–86 ISBN 9781461489474.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vaccines.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Bald Eagles Make A Comeback (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Tax Administration: Achieving Business and Technical Goals In Tax Systems Modernization; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1993;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ng, A. Exploring the Perceptions of Health Care Leaders: Colorectal Cancer Screening Barriers among Chinese Canadian Women. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix: Phoenix, AZ, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J. Book to Examine Trump-Russia Ties. New York Times 2017, C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Vaccines
Abbreviation	Vaccines (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2076-393X
Scope	Immunology Infectious Diseases Pharmacology (medical) Drug Discovery Pharmacology