How to format your references using the Vaccine: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vaccine: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gershon D. Proteomics technologies: probing the proteome. Nature 2003;424:581–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lee SC, Lee SJ. Uptake of liquid from wet surfaces by the brush-tipped proboscis of a butterfly. Sci Rep 2014;4:6934.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Fischle W, Wang Y, Allis CD. Binary switches and modification cassettes in histone biology and beyond. Nature 2003;425:475–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Liu Y, Zhao Q, Li M-H, Guan J-Y, Zhang Y, Bai B, et al. Device-independent quantum random-number generation. Nature 2018;562:548–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Levy G, Levin B. The Biostatistics of Aging. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Cappello F, Herault T, Dongarra J, editors. Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface: 14th European PVM/MPI User’s Group Meeting, Paris, France, September 30 - October 3, 2007. Proceedings. vol. 4757. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Tan J, Ngo BK, Chandrasekaran I, Cai Y. Cultivating STEM Education Through 3D Sabbaticals. In: Cai Y, editor. 3D Immersive and Interactive Learning, Singapore: Springer; 2013, p. 71–7.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vaccine: X.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Playing Tetris Could Reduce Cravings For Drugs, Food and Sex. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Infrastructure: Impacts of Utility Relocations on Highway and Bridge Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Little JL. The effects of a financial literacy intervention on teachers’ financial literacy, awareness, and advocacy. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Wagner J. Defense, Though Hard to Gauge, Gives Cubs a Clear Edge. New York Times 2016:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Vaccine: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1362
Scope