How to format your references using the Vaccine: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vaccine: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Halliwell B. Plasma antioxidants: health benefits of eating chocolate? Nature 2003;426:787; discussion 788.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Strain AJ, Neuberger JM. A bioartificial liver--state of the art. Science 2002;295:1005–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lowe SW, Cepero E, Evan G. Intrinsic tumour suppression. Nature 2004;432:307–15.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ferrón SR, Charalambous M, Radford E, McEwen K, Wildner H, Hind E, et al. Postnatal loss of Dlk1 imprinting in stem cells and niche astrocytes regulates neurogenesis. Nature 2011;475:381–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Weller RB, Hunter HJA, Mann MW. Clinical Dermatology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Jankovic D. Regional Nerve Blocks in Anesthesia and Pain Therapy: Traditional and Ultrasound-Guided Techniques. 4th ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Pandey R, Sethi VK, Pandey M, Choubey M. Recent Research and Various Techniques Available for Efficiency Improvement of IGCC Power Plants. In: Dash SS, Bhaskar MA, Panigrahi BK, Das S, editors. Artificial Intelligence and Evolutionary Computations in Engineering Systems: Proceedings of ICAIECES 2015, New Delhi: Springer India; 2016, p. 49–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vaccine: X.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Scientists May Have Discovered A New State Of Liquid Water. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/scientists-may-have-discovered-a-new-state-of-liquid-water/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. DOE’s Laboratory Facilities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Gittens BE. Perceptions of the applicability of transformational leadership behavior to the leader role of academic department chairs: A study of selected universities in Virginia. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Pilon M. Wagner and Ice Dancers Rally U.S. to Finals. New York Times 2014:SP6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Vaccine: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1362
Scope