How to format your references using the Vaccine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vaccine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Tian P. Research impact: A tale of two systems. Nature 2015;520:S28-30.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bostwick KS, Prum RO. Courting bird sings with stridulating wing feathers. Science 2005;309:736.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Agrawal AF, Brodie ED 3rd, Brown J. Parent-offspring coadaptation and the dual genetic control of maternal care. Science 2001;292:1710–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Belonoshko AB, Skorodumova NV, Davis S, Osiptsov AN, Rosengren A, Johansson B. Origin of the low rigidity of the Earth’s inner core. Science 2007;316:1603–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Rigo M. Formal Languages, Automata and Numeration Systems 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Schmitt D. Air Transport System. 1st ed. 2016. Vienna: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Gharib M, Giorgini P. Modeling and Reasoning About Information Quality Requirements. In: Fricker SA, Schneider K, editors. Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality: 21st International Working Conference, REFSQ 2015, Essen, Germany, March 23-26, 2015. Proceedings, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 49–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vaccine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. The Five Most Surprising Cosmetic Surgery Trends Across The Globe. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/the-five-most-surprising-cosmetic-surgery-trends-across-the-globe/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: History and Current Issues Related to Radio Spectrum Management. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Moyer AS. The A+ Schools Program and School Improvement. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Marx L. A Romance With Birthdays as Bookends. New York Times 2016:ST13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Vaccine
Abbreviation	Vaccine
ISSN (print)	0264-410X
Scope	Molecular Medicine General Immunology and Microbiology Infectious Diseases Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health General Veterinary