How to format your references using the Vaccine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Vaccine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Soderblom D. Astrophysics: Stellar clocks. Nature 2015;517:557–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Jewitt DC, Luu J. Crystalline water ice on the Kuiper belt object (50000) Quaoar. Nature 2004;432:731–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Zhou H, Pei Y, Fang D. Magnetic field tunable small-scale mechanical properties of nickel single crystals measured by nanoindentation technique. Sci Rep 2014;4:4583.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ke A, Zhou K, Ding F, Cate JHD, Doudna JA. A conformational switch controls hepatitis delta virus ribozyme catalysis. Nature 2004;429:201–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Geyer T. Model Predictive Control of High Power Convertersand Industrial Drives. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Watkins RG III, Watkins RG IV, editors. Surgical Approaches to the Spine. 3rd ed. 2015. New York, NY: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Poirier DR, Geiger GH. Energy Balance Applications in Fluid Flow. In: Geiger GH, editor. Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 113–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Vaccine.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. See Inside A Hyperloop Pod For The First Time. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/what-hyperloop-might-look-inside/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Space Shuttle: Further Improvements Needed in NASA’s Modernization Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Wadhwa PH. Secure building automation system using Tesla protocol. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Wilson M. Prosecutors Say Chelsea Bombing Suspect Had ‘Evil in His Heart.’ New York Times 2017:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Vaccine
Abbreviation	Vaccine
ISSN (print)	0264-410X
Scope	Molecular Medicine General Immunology and Microbiology Infectious Diseases Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health General Veterinary