How to format your references using the Urolithiasis citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Urolithiasis. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P (2004) Starting the brain gain. Nature 427:267

A journal article with 2 authors

Rychert CA, Shearer PM (2009) A global view of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Science 324:495–498

A journal article with 3 authors

Heymann DL, Sutter RW, Aylward RB (2005) A global call for new polio vaccines. Nature 434:699–700

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Thomas H, Bozec Y, Elkalay K, de Baar HJW (2004) Enhanced open ocean storage of CO2 from shelf sea pumping. Science 304:1005–1008

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rezg N, Hajej Z, Boschian-Campaner V (2016) Production and Maintenance Optimization Problems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Hurst CJ (2016) The Mechanistic Benefits of Microbial Symbionts. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Cernavin O, Schröder S, Thiele T, Jooß C (2016) Ergebnistransfer nachhaltig gestalten – eine strukturelle Übersicht. In: Jeschke S, Isenhardt I, Hees F, Henning K (eds) Automation, Communication and Cybernetics in Science and Engineering 2015/2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 37–49

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Urolithiasis.

Blog post

Davis J (2017) Conservation Tags To Track Animals Are Being Hijacked By Poachers. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/conservation-tags-to-track-animals-are-being-hijacked-by-poachers/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Food and Drug Administration: Effect of User Fees on Drug Approval Times, Withdrawals, and Other Agency Activities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Byeon G (2014) More than words: A comparative study of Liszt’s Liebesträume and the songs from which they were transcribed. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barnard A, Hubbard B, Fisher I (2017) As Atrocities Mount in Syria, Justice Seems Out of Reach. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Urolithiasis
Abbreviation	Urolithiasis
ISSN (print)	2194-7228
ISSN (online)	2194-7236
Scope	Urology