How to format your references using the Urban Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Urban Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kuratani, S. Evolution. A Muscular Perspective on Vertebrate Evolution. Science 2013, 341, 139–140.

A journal article with 2 authors

Voss, D.; Coontz, R. Cosmic Web. Warp and Woof. Introduction to Special Issue. Science 2008, 319, 46.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kalka, M.B.; Smith, A.R.; Kalko, E.K.V. Bats Limit Arthropods and Herbivory in a Tropical Forest. Science 2008, 320, 71.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang, X.; Halvorsen, K.; Zhang, C.-Z.; Wong, W.P.; Springer, T.A. Mechanoenzymatic Cleavage of the Ultralarge Vascular Protein von Willebrand Factor. Science 2009, 324, 1330–1334.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chartered Institute of Building Code of Practice for Project Management for Construction and Development; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Oxford, 2014; ISBN 9781118378168.

An edited book

New Trends in Soil Micromorphology; Kapur, S., Mermut, A., Stoops, G., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008; ISBN 9783540791331.

A chapter in an edited book

Prashanth, L.A.; Korda, N.; Munos, R. Fast LSTD Using Stochastic Approximation: Finite Time Analysis and Application to Traffic Control. In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2014, Nancy, France, September 15-19, 2014. Proceedings, Part II; Calders, T., Esposito, F., Hüllermeier, E., Meo, R., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014; pp. 66–81 ISBN 9783662448502.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Urban Science.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. Why Don’t Scavengers Get Sick? (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office High Speed Ground Transportation: Financial Barriers to Development; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1993;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ramirez, C. A Policy Analysis: Assembly Bill 1421 or Laura’s Law. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. Can’t Play by the Rules? It’s Fine by Mr. Monopoly. New York Times 2014, B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Urban Science
ISSN (online)	2413-8851
Scope