How to format your references using the Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Boss AP. Star formation. Three’s a crowd. Nature 2000;405:405, 407.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bainer R, Weaver V. Cell biology. Strength under tension. Science 2013;341:965–966.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim AM, Tingen CM, Woodruff TK. Sex bias in trials and treatment must end. Nature 2010;465:688–689.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Martiniano R, Coelho C, Ferreira MT, Neves MJ, Pinhasi R, Bradley DG. Genetic evidence of African slavery at the beginning of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Sci Rep 2014;4:5994.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson RJ, Groundwater PW, Todd A, Worsley AJ. Antibacterial Agents. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012.

An edited book

Smith C. Digging It Up Down Under: A Practical Guide to Doing Archaeology in Australia. Burke H, ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Kim S-K, Han J-M, Song M-Y. A Social Network System Based on an Ontology in the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. In: Breslin JG, Burg TN, Kim H-G, Raftery T, Schmidt J-H, eds. Recent Trends and Developments in Social Software: International Conferences on Social Software, BlogTalk 2008, Cork, Ireland, March 3-4, 2008, and BlogTalk 2009, Jeju Island, South Korea, September 15-16, 2009 Revised Selected Papers Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010. pp. 46–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Addicted To Oil: US Gasoline Consumption Is Higher Than Ever. IFLScience. IFLScience, 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/addicted-to-oil-us-gasoline-consumption-is-higher-than-ever/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA: Significant Challenges Remain for Access, Use, and Sustainment of the International Space Station. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2012 Mar. Report No.: GAO-12-587T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Augeri JE. Supportive Services for Homeless Veteran Women: Policy Implementation and Discretionary Practices of Those at the Front-Lines of Public Service [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu L. After Denouncing ‘Fake News,’ a Catalog of Falsehoods. New York Times 2017;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Boss 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Bainer and Weaver 2013; Boss 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bainer and Weaver 2013)
Three or more authors: (Martiniano et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Abbreviation	Ultrasound Med. Biol.
ISSN (print)	0301-5629
ISSN (online)	1879-291X
Scope	Biophysics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Acoustics and Ultrasonics Radiological and Ultrasound Technology