How to format your references using the Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kenyon G. Major UK cancer research charities to consider merger. Nature 2001;409:4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kondo S, Miura T. Reaction-diffusion model as a framework for understanding biological pattern formation. Science 2010;329:1616–1620.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen C, Bobisch CA, Ho W. Visualization of Fermi’s golden rule through imaging of light emission from atomic silver chains. Science 2009;325:981–985.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Crawley MJ, Brown SL, Hails RS, Kohn DD, Rees M. Transgenic crops in natural habitats. Nature 2001;409:682–683.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Willis DO. Business Basics for Dentists. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

Graziani F, ed. Computational Methods in Transport: Granlibakken 2004. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Acharyya M. An Empirical Study on Enterprise Risk Management in Insurance. In: Olson DL, Wu D, eds. New Frontiers in Enterprise Risk Management Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2008. pp. 39–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Spitfire Insects Need Leaders and Followers. IFLScience. IFLScience, 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/insects-need-leaders-and-followers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Contractors’ Independent Research and Development Program--Issues and Alternatives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975 Jun. Report No.: PSAD-75-82.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Farnham RB. Processing and inpainting of sparse data as applied to atomic force microscopy imaging [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. Reading Toward Recovery. New York Times 2016;BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kenyon 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Kenyon 2001; Kondo and Miura 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kondo and Miura 2010)
Three or more authors: (Crawley et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Abbreviation	Ultrasound Med. Biol.
ISSN (print)	0301-5629
ISSN (online)	1879-291X
Scope	Biophysics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Acoustics and Ultrasonics Radiological and Ultrasound Technology