How to format your references using the Twentieth-Century Music citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Twentieth-Century Music. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gühr, Markus. ‘Chemistry. Getting molecular electrons into motion’. Science (New York, N.Y.). 335/6074 (2012), 1314–15.

A journal article with 2 authors

Beninger, Richard J., and Vernon L. Quinsey. ‘Animal behaviour: chimpanzee choice and prosociality’. Nature. 440/7085 (2006), E6; discussion E6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Callier, Viviane, Jennifer A. Clack, and Per E. Ahlberg. ‘Contrasting developmental trajectories in the earliest known tetrapod forelimbs’. Science (New York, N.Y.). 324/5925 (2009), 364–67.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Shirt-Ediss, Ben, Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo, Fabio Mavelli, and Ricard V. Solé. ‘Modelling lipid competition dynamics in heterogeneous protocell populations’. Scientific Reports. 4 (2014), 5675.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jiang, Jiuchun, and Caiping Zhang. Fundamentals and Applications of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Drive Vehicles. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, 2015.

An edited book

Zwald, Fiona, and Marc D. Brown, eds. Advances in Transplant Dermatology: Clinical and Practical Implications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Cuenca, Manuel Álvarez, and Maryam Reza. ‘CUBEN, A Novel Bioreactor for the Removal of Nutrients’. eds. José Coca-Prados and Gemma Gutiérrez-Cervelló, in Economic Sustainability and Environmental Protection in Mediterranean Countries through Clean Manufacturing Methods. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. 63–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Twentieth-Century Music.

Blog post

Hamilton, Kristy. ‘Women Are Better At Understanding Man’s Best Friend’. IFLScience. IFLScience, 17 May 2017. (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Evaluation of the Office of Economic Opportunity’s Performance Contracting Experiment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, May 8, 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith, Beatrice L. ‘A Qualitative Study of Veteran Students’ Perspectives of Their Academic Experiences’. Doctoral dissertation, Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, Ben. ‘As Players Pull Out, Criticism Floods In’. New York Times6 July 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Twentieth-Century Music
ISSN (print)	1478-5722
ISSN (online)	1478-5730
Scope