How to format your references using the Twentieth-Century Music citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Twentieth-Century Music. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sorenson, Eric. ‘Gates of opportunity’. Nature. 447/7143 (2007), 502–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bian, Yusheng, and Qihuang Gong. ‘Tuning the hybridization of plasmonic and coupled dielectric nanowire modes for high-performance optical waveguiding at sub-diffraction-limited scale’. Scientific Reports. 4 (2014), 6617.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hoch, Jeffrey C., Mark W. Maciejewski, and Michael R. Gryk. ‘Comment on “magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies neural progenitor cells in the live human brain”’. Science (New York, N.Y.). 321/5889 (2008), 640.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Mueller, Ann-Kristin, Mehdi Labaied, Stefan H. I. Kappe, and Kai Matuschewski. ‘Genetically modified Plasmodium parasites as a protective experimental malaria vaccine’. Nature. 433/7022 (2005), 164–67.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kaisler, Stephen H. Software Paradigms. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.

An edited book

Kokhanovsky, Alexander A., and Gerrit de Leeuw, eds. Satellite Aerosol Remote Sensing over Land. Springer Praxis Books. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Jasperson, Amy E., Charles Kelley, and Kirby Bennett. ‘Commonsense Protections or Government Interference in Private Decisions? Competing Media Frames in the Battle Over Tennessee’s Abortion Amendment’. eds. John Allen Hendricks and Dan Schill, in Communication and Midterm Elections: Media, Message, and Mobilization. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. 57–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Twentieth-Century Music.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. ‘Human Poop-Powered Bus Hits UK Roads’. IFLScience. IFLScience, 20 November 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/human-poop-powered-bus-hits-uk-roads/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Strategic Air Command: KC-135A Crash and the Need for SAC Air Show Regulations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 19, 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robinson, Laura M. ‘Using Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy to Examine Exciton Dynamics in II-VI Semiconductor Nanostructures’. Doctoral dissertation, Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati, 2001.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, Kelly. ‘Burgers With Attitude’. New York Times3 October 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Twentieth-Century Music
ISSN (print)	1478-5722
ISSN (online)	1478-5730
Scope