How to format your references using the Twentieth-Century Music citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Twentieth-Century Music. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nelson, J. ‘Solar energy. Solar cells by self-assembly?’ Science (New York, N.Y.). 293/5532 (2001), 1059–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kronenberg, Mitchell, and Alexander Rudensky. ‘Regulation of immunity by self-reactive T cells’. Nature. 435/7042 (2005), 598–604.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fan, Yu, Dandan Yu, and Yong-Gang Yao. ‘Tree shrew database (TreeshrewDB): a genomic knowledge base for the Chinese tree shrew’. Scientific Reports. 4 (2014), 7145.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Rossi, Simona W., William E. Jenkinson, Graham Anderson, and Eric J. Jenkinson. ‘Clonal analysis reveals a common progenitor for thymic cortical and medullary epithelium’. Nature. 441/7096 (2006), 988–91.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Soustelle, Michel. Handbook of Heterogenous Kinetics. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

Yang, Shanchieh Jay, Ariel M. Greenberg, and Mica Endsley, eds. Social Computing, Behavioral - Cultural Modeling and Prediction: 5th International Conference, SBP 2012, College Park, MD, USA, April 3-5, 2012. Proceedings, vol. . Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Eldlio, Mohamed, Franklin Che, and Michael Cada. ‘Drude-Lorentz Model of Semiconductor Optical Plasmons’. eds. Haeng Kon Kim, Sio-Iong Ao, Mahyar A. Amouzegar, and Burghard B. Rieger, in IAENG Transactions on Engineering Technologies: Special Issue of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2012. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. 41–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Twentieth-Century Music.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. ‘Dopamine Makes Us Less Tolerant Of Inequality’. IFLScience. IFLScience, 23 March 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/dopamine-makes-us-less-tolerant-inequality/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: TSA Does Not Have Valid Evidence Supporting Most of the Revised Behavioral Indicators Used in Its Behavior Detection Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 20, 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tolley, Christina Ballard. ‘The role of trust and care in the implementation of a social constructivist curriculum in physical education’. Doctoral dissertation, College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, Linda. ‘Job Bias Case Turns on Filing Right Form’. New York Times7 November 2007.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Twentieth-Century Music
ISSN (print)	1478-5722
ISSN (online)	1478-5730
Scope