How to format your references using the Journal of Photonics for Energy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Photonics for Energy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

J. Cibelli, “Developmental biology. A decade of cloning mystique,” Science 316(5827), 990–992 (2007).

A journal article with 2 authors

M. Ibáñez and A. Cabot, “Chemistry. All change for nanocrystals,” Science 340(6135), 935–936 (2013).

A journal article with 3 authors

B. S. Halpern, K. Cottenie, and B. R. Broitman, “Strong top-down control in southern California kelp forest ecosystems,” Science 312(5777), 1230–1232 (2006).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

K. Willert et al., “Wnt proteins are lipid-modified and can act as stem cell growth factors,” Nature 423(6938), 448–452 (2003).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

J. Hecht, Understanding Lasers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2008).

An edited book

F. Chiappelli, Ed., Evidence-Based Practice: Toward Optimizing Clinical Outcomes, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010).

A chapter in an edited book

J. Baste et al., “Efficient FPT Algorithms for (Strict) Compatibility of Unrooted Phylogenetic Trees,” in Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management: 11th International Conference, AAIM 2016, Bergamo, Italy, July 18-20, 2016, Proceedings, R. Dondi, G. Fertin, and G. Mauri, Eds., pp. 53–64, Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Photonics for Energy.

Blog post

S. Luntz, “First Ever Color Photo Of Pluto And Charon Sent Back By New Horizons Spacecraft,” IFLScience, 17 April 2015 (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, “Rotation Policies and Practices Have Been Changed for the Better--But Room for Improvement Remains,” FPCD-76-45, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1976).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

H. Swartz, “The Multitude Speaks in Style: An Analysis of Vernacular Agency through Images of Ruth Bader Ginsburg,” Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

G. Vecsey, “For Musial, A Birthday And A Medal,” in New York Times, p. SP1 (2010).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Photonics for Energy
ISSN (online)	1947-7988
Scope	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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