How to format your references using the Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marder SR. Perspective: Retreat from the radical. Nature. 2014;508(7494):S18.

A journal article with 2 authors

Menand T, Tait SR. A phenomenological model for precursor volcanic eruptions. Nature. 2001;411(6838):678-680.

A journal article with 3 authors

Qiu XH, Nazin GV, Ho W. Vibrationally resolved fluorescence excited with submolecular precision. Science. 2003;299(5606):542-546.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

McDermott R, Simmonds RW, Steffen M, et al. Simultaneous state measurement of coupled Josephson phase qubits. Science. 2005;307(5713):1299-1302.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Voldman SH. ESD. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Carver M, Gaydarska B, Montón-Subías S, eds. Field Archaeology from Around the World: Ideas and Approaches. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Dabrowska C, Li M, Fan Y. Apoptotic Caspases in Promoting Cancer: Implications from Their Roles in Development and Tissue Homeostasis. In: Gregory CD, ed. Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Anti-Cancer Therapy: New Perspectives and Opportunities. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer International Publishing; 2016:89-112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Astronauts Spot Mysterious Sprites From The International Space Station. IFLScience. August 25, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/strange-sprite-spotted-international-space-station/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Education Issues. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Karyekar M. Translating Observation into Narration: The “Sentimental” Anthropology of Georg Forster (1754-1794). Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Furber M, Pérez-Peña R. Family Asks: Why Did Police Kill Woman Who Called 911? New York Times. July 18, 2017:A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
ISSN (print)	2452-2473
Scope