How to format your references using the Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Podos J. Correlated evolution of morphology and vocal signal structure in Darwin’s finches. Nature. 2001;409(6817):185-188.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kasahara T, Kato T. Nutritional biochemistry: A new redox-cofactor vitamin for mammals. Nature. 2003;422(6934):832.

A journal article with 3 authors

Berger G, Graef F, Pfeffer H. Glyphosate applications on arable fields considerably coincide with migrating amphibians. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2622.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Xu Y, Qiao J, Hou X, Pan S. Plutonium in soils from northeast China and its potential application for evaluation of soil erosion. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3506.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dean JR. Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy: Dean/Plasma. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Uden L, Tao YH, Yang HC, Ting IH, eds. The 2nd International Workshop on Learning Technology for Education in Cloud. Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Hori H, Yamagami R, Tomikawa C. Regulation of Protein Synthesis via the Network Between Modified Nucleotides in tRNA and tRNA Modification Enzymes in Thermus thermophilus, a Thermophilic Eubacterium. In: Jurga S, Erdmann (Deceased) VA, Barciszewski J, eds. Modified Nucleic Acids in Biology and Medicine. RNA Technologies. Springer International Publishing; 2016:73-89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Researchers Make Huge Step Forward In Understanding How The Brain Processes Emotions. IFLScience. July 10, 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: FAA Plans to Replace Its Host Computer System Because Future Availability Cannot Be Assured. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Day C. Medication-Assisted Treatment: Education for Those Who Assist in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Curriculum Development. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. A Chance to Be Reborn After Years Behind Bars. New York Times. October 25, 2016:C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
ISSN (print)	2452-2473
Scope