How to format your references using the Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wright J. Nanotechnology: Deliver on a promise. Nature. 2014;509(7502):S58-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rieder CL, Khodjakov A. Mitosis through the microscope: advances in seeing inside live dividing cells. Science. 2003;300(5616):91-96.

A journal article with 3 authors

Winter SS, Clark BJ, Taube JS. Spatial navigation. Disruption of the head direction cell network impairs the parahippocampal grid cell signal. Science. 2015;347(6224):870-874.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Self S, Blake S, Sharma K, Widdowson M, Sephton S. Sulfur and chlorine in late Cretaceous Deccan magmas and eruptive gas release. Science. 2008;319(5870):1654-1657.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stephans RA. System Safety for the 21 St Century. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

Kandampully J, ed. Service Management: The New Paradigm in Retailing. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Makna J, Kirikova M. Patterns-Based IS Change Management in SMEs. In: Song WW, Xu S, Wan C, et al., eds. Information Systems Development: Asian Experiences. Springer; 2011:55-66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Will We Ever Be Able To Bring Cryogenically Frozen Corpses Back To Life? A Cryobiologist Explains. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Finance: Observations on the Current FAA Funding Structure’s Support for Aviation Activities, Issues Affecting Future Costs, and Proposed Funding Changes. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Swift I. The Perceived Effect of Hidden Costs on the Operational Management of Information Technology Outsourcing: A Qualitative Study. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2011.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. Next Stop: An a Cappella Subway Journey. New York Times. December 12, 2016:C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
ISSN (print)	2452-2473
Scope