How to format your references using the Tsaqafah citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tsaqafah. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ransohoff, David F. vol. 299, no. 5613. 2003, “Cancer. Developing molecular biomarkers for cancer”, Science (New York, N.Y.). pp. 1679–80.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hewak, Dan and Behrad Gholipour. vol. 336, no. 6088. 2012, “Materials science. Primed to remember”, Science (New York, N.Y.). pp. 1515–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thornalley, David J.R., Harry Elderfield, and I. Nick McCave. vol. 457, no. 7230. 2009, “Holocene oscillations in temperature and salinity of the surface subpolar North Atlantic”, Nature. pp. 711–4.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Burresi, Matteo et al. vol. 4. 2014, “Bright-white beetle scales optimise multiple scattering of light”, Scientific reports. p. 6075.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vogel, Werner and Henry Kalb. 2010, Large-Scale Solar Thermal Power, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Lai, Poh C. and Ann S.H. Mak (eds.). 2007, GIS for Health and the Environment: Development in the Asia-Pacific Region With 110 Figures, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

McCarthy, J. Michael and Gim Song Soh. ed. by Gim Song Soh. 2011, “Algebraic Synthesis of Planar Chains”, in Geometric Design of Linkages, New York, NY: Springer. pp. 93–123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tsaqafah.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 13 Aug 2015, “Trans Fats Linked To Greater Risk Of Death And Heart Disease”, IFLScience, IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/trans-fats-linked-greater-risk-death-and-heart-disease/, accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2001, Alternative Market Mechanisms for the Student Loan Program, no. GAO-02-84SP, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pearson, David. 2014, “A High-Level Fuzzy Logic Guidance System for an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) Tasked to Perform an Autonomous Launch and Recovery (ALR) of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV)”, Doctoral dissertation, Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Ember, Sydney and Graham Bowley. 19 Jun 2017, “First Trial In Cosby Case Is a Guide For the 2nd”, New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Tsaqafah
Abbreviation	TSAQAFAH
ISSN (print)	1411-0334
ISSN (online)	2460-0008
Scope