How to format your references using the Tribology Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tribology Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
1.
Bell, G.: Neutral macroecology. Science. 293, 2413–2418 (2001)
A journal article with 2 authors
1.
Alsdorf, D.E., Lettenmaier, D.P.: Geophysics. Tracking fresh water from space. Science. 301, 1491–1494 (2003)
A journal article with 3 authors
1.
Lam, F.H., Steger, D.J., O’Shea, E.K.: Chromatin decouples promoter threshold from dynamic range. Nature. 453, 246–250 (2008)
A journal article with 4 or more authors
1.
Joo, J.Y., Choi, H.W., Kim, M.J., Zaehres, H., Tapia, N., Stehling, M., Jung, K.S., Do, J.T., Schöler, H.R.: Establishment of a primed pluripotent epiblast stem cell in FGF4-based conditions. Sci. Rep. 4, 7477 (2014)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
1.
Abu-Jamous, B., Fa, R., Nandi, A.K.: Integrative Cluster Analysis in Bioinformatics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2015)
An edited book
1.
Joost, H.-G. ed: Appetite Control. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012)
A chapter in an edited book
1.
Dörfler, W., Lechleiter, A., Plum, M., Schneider, G., Wieners, C.: An introduction to direct and inverse scattering theory. In: Lechleiter, A., Plum, M., Schneider, G., and Wieners, C. (eds.) Photonic Crystals: Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Approximation. pp. 79–126. Springer, Basel (2011)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tribology Letters.

Blog post
1.
Andrew, E.: Leonard Nimoy Has Passed Away At Age 83

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
1.
Government Accountability Office: Multiyear Authorizations for Research and Development. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1981)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
1.
Wolodkowicz, R.: Leadership qualities and employee-student future intentions, (2008)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
1.
Greenhouse, L.: Crack Cocaine Limbo, (2014)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleTribology Letters
AbbreviationTribol. Lett.
ISSN (print)1023-8883
ISSN (online)1573-2711
ScopeMechanical Engineering
Mechanics of Materials
Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Surfaces and Interfaces

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